Uninzi lweemoto eziqhuba ngasemva kunye nezitsala ngamavili onke zinee-gearbox ezijikayo nezitshintsha itorque.Isiseko sebhokisi yegiya zimbini ze-bevel - funda konke malunga nezi ndlela, iintlobo zazo, ukuyila kunye nokusebenza, kunye nokukhetha okuchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa, kwinqaku.
Yintoni iperi conical?
I-bevel pair luhlobo lokuhanjiswa kwegiya yezithuthi kunye nezinye izixhobo, ezenziwe ziigiya ezimbini ze-bevel, ii-axes zazo ezibekwe kwi-engile (ehlala ithe tye) enye kwenye.
Ukuhanjiswa kwezithuthi, iitrektara kunye noomatshini, kunye nakwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kuhlala kukho isidingo sokutshintsha indlela yokuhamba kwetorque.Ngokomzekelo, kwizithuthi ezihamba ngasemva, i-torque ehanjiswa yi-propeller shaft i-perpendicular kwi-axle axis, kwaye oku kuhamba kufuneka kujikelezwe i-90 degrees ukuqhuba amavili.Kwitrektara enamavili e-MTZ ene-axle yangaphambili, isalathiso sokuhamba kwetorque kufuneka siguqulwe ngama-90 degrees kathathu, kuba ii-axles zamavili zibekwe ngaphantsi kwe-axis ye-axis ye-post.Kwaye kwiiyunithi ezininzi, oomatshini kunye nezixhobo, ukuhamba kwetorque kufuneka kujikelezwe ngama-angles ahlukeneyo amaxesha amaninzi.Kuzo zonke ezi meko, kusetyenziswe uloliwe okhethekileyo osekelwe kwiigiya ezimbini ze-bevel - i-bevel pair.
Isibini esiyiconical sinemisebenzi emibini engundoqo:
- Ukujikeleza kokuhamba kwe-torque kwi-angle ethile (kaninzi i-90 degrees);
- Ukutshintsha umthamo we torque.
Ingxaki yokuqala isonjululwe ngokuyilwa kweegiya ze-bevel pair, i-axes ezibekwe kwi-angle enye kwenye.Kwaye ingxaki yesibini isonjululwe ngokusebenzisa iigiya ezinamanani ahlukeneyo amazinyo, ngenxa yoko isitimela esinomlinganiselo othile wesixhobo senziwe.
Izibini zeBevel zidlala indima ephambili ekusebenzeni kweendlela ezininzi zothumelo kunye nezinye iinkqubo, ukuba igiya enye okanye zombini ziyaphela okanye ziyaphuka, isibini sonke kufuneka sitshintshwe.Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthenga i-conical pair entsha, kufuneka uqonde uyilo lwale ndlela, iintlobo zayo ezikhoyo, iimpawu kunye neempawu zomsebenzi.
Iintlobo kunye noyilo lweeperile ze-conical
Nasiphi na isibini se-bevel sineegiya ezimbini ezinemilo ye-bevel yendawo yokuqala, kunye ne-axes ye-shaft edibeneyo.Oko kukuthi, iigiya zesibini zinemilo ye-bevel, kwaye zikwi-engile ezichanekileyo okanye ezahlukeneyo komnye nomnye.
Izibini zeBevel ziyahluka ngokuma kwamazinyo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kweegiya ezihambelanayo.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iigiya ze-bevel pair, kuxhomekeke kwinjongo, zinegama labo:
● Ukuqhuba yicogwheel nje;
● Ikhoboka lisixhobo.
Ngokwemilo yamazinyo, izibini ezinkonkoni zezi:
● Ngamazinyo athe ngqo;
● Ngamazinyo agobileyo;
● Ngamazinyo asangqa;
● Ngamazinyo e-tangential (oblique).
Iigiya ezinamazinyo athe tye zezona zilula kuyilo - zisikwe ngokunxuseneyo kwi-axis yevili.Amazinyo ajikelezayo anzima ngakumbi, anqunywe ngeenxa zonke kwi-circumference ye-diameter ethile.I-Tangential (okanye i-oblique) amazinyo afana namazinyo aqondileyo, nangona kunjalo, ayaphambuka kwi-axis gear.Eyona nto inzima kakhulu ngamazinyo e-curvilinear, ukukhubazeka okubekwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo (imisebenzi).Uluhlu olunjalo kwimilo yamazinyo e-bevel gears luchazwa ngumahluko kumthamo womthwalo weegiya kunye nengxolo yazo.Iigiya ezinamazinyo athe tye zimelana neyona mithwalo incinci, ikwazezona zingxolayo.Iigiya zamazinyo e-Oblique azinangxolo kwaye zihamba kakuhle.Kwaye eyona mithwalo mikhulu inokumelana neegiya ezinamazinyo agobileyo kunye nesangqa, nazo ziyingxolo encinci.
Ngokwendawo ehambelanayo yeegiya, izibini zohlulwe zibe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu:
● Ngokuqhelekileyo, kunye neengqinisiso ezihambelanayo zeendawo zokuqala zezixhobo (oko kukuthi, ukuba ucinga ukuba iigiya ngendlela yee-cones, ngoko ke ii-vertices zazo ziya kudibana kwinqanaba elinye);
● I-Hypoid, eneentsika ezisusiweyo zomphezulu wokuqala wegiya.
I-Conicaldibanisa nezinyo lesetyhulaI-Hypoid conical iperi enezinyo eligobileyo
Kwimeko yokuqala, i-axes ye-gear ibekwe kwindiza enye, okwesibini - kwenye yeendiza, i-axes ivaliwe.Iigiya zeHypoid zinokuqulunqwa kuphela ziigiya ze-bevel ezinamazinyo ajiyileyo okanye agobileyo, zinomthamo omkhulu womthwalo kwaye zisebenza phantse ngokuthe cwaka.
Iigiya ze-bevel zinokwenziwa ngaxeshanye kunye ne-shaft okanye ngokwahlukileyo kuyo.Ngokwesiqhelo, i-shaft ineegiya ezinobubanzi obuncinci, iigiya ezinkulu ze-drive axle gearbox zinomngxunya omkhulu wangaphakathi wokukhwela kwizindlu ezahlukileyo.Iigiya zenziwe ngamabakala akhethekileyo entsimbi usebenzisa ubugcisa obahlukeneyo - ukujika kunye nokusila, ukugquma, ukunyathela kulandelwa yi-knurling, njl. Izibini eziQinisekileyo zifuna ukuthanjiswa rhoqo ekusebenzeni kwazo, kunye neempawu ezikhethekileyo zegrisi zisetyenziswa kwiigiya ze-hypoid.
Ukusebenza kunye nomgangatho wezixhobo ze-bevel
Kwiimpawu eziphambili zeegiya ze-bevel kufuneka zigxininiswe:
● I-Gear ratio - ibalwa ukusuka kumlinganiselo wenani lamazinyo eegiya kunye nevili (ngokuqhelekileyo ilele kuluhlu ukusuka kwi-1.0 ukuya kwi-6.3, nangona ingahluka ngendlela enkulu);
● Iimodyuli zomndilili eziqhelekileyo nezingaphandle;
● Imilinganiselo yejometri yeegiya.
Kukho nezinye iiparitha zegiya ze-bevel, kodwa ngexesha lokusebenza okanye ukulungisa iibhokisi zegiya okanye ezinye iindlela azisetyenziswanga.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba eRashiya iimpawu kunye neempawu zoyilo lweegiya ze-bevel zisemgangathweni, iigiya kunye neendlela ngokwazo zenziwe ngokuhambelana neGOST 19325-73 (eqhelekileyo kuzo zonke iigiya ezisekelwe kwi-bevel gears), 19624-74 (i-spur gears). ), 19326-73 (iigiya ezinamazinyo ajikelezayo), iGOST 1758-81 kunye nabanye.
Ukusetyenziswa kweeperi ze-conical kwizithuthi
Iigiya zeBevel zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiibhokisi zegiya zokuhanjiswa kwezithuthi ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo:
Isibini se-bevel sesinye seziseko zebhokisi yegiya ye-axle
● Njengesona sixhobo siphambili kwiibhokisi ze-axles zokuqhuba ngasemva kunye nezithuthi eziqhuba onke.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuhanjiswa okunjalo kwenziwa ngendlela yeegiya zobukhulu obuhlukeneyo, enye yazo (ikhoboka) ifakwe ngokuthe ngqo kwizindlu ezihlukeneyo.Isixhobo sokuqhuba esinye senziwe kunye ne-shaft, i-double gear yenziwe nge-shaft kunye nenye i-gear (i-bevel okanye i-cylindrical);
● Njengeebhokisi zegiya eziphezulu nezisezantsi zee-asi ezihamba phambili zeetrektara ezinamavili.Kwiibhokisi eziphezulu, zombini iigiya zinokuba nenani elifanayo lamazinyo kunye nemilinganiselo, zenziwe ngaxeshanye ngeeshafu zazo.Kwiibhokisi zegiya ezisezantsi, igiya eqhutywayo yenziwe ngobubanzi obukhulu kwaye inoyilo olukhethekileyo lokunxibelelana nevili;
● Kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo zothumelo nezinye iinkqubo.Izibini zeConical zinokuba noyilo olwahlukileyo, kodwa ngokubanzi zihambelana noko kuthethwe ngasentla.
Ke, imoto inokuba ukusuka kwenye (kwisithuthi esine-asi enye yokuqhuba) ukuya kweyesithathu (kwi-axle yonke) izithuthi ezine-axle ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu (kwizithuthi ezinamavili amaninzi ezinamavili onke) iibevel pairs, nakwiitrektara. kunye ne-asi yokuqhuba ngaphambili kukho iiperi ezine ze-bevel, ubuncinane enye indlela enjalo ingasetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa kwetrektara ukujikela i-torque kwishafti yokususa umbane.
Indlela yokukhetha kunye nokutshintsha i-conical pair ngokuchanekileyo
Ngexesha lokusebenza kwesithuthi, isibini esine-conical siphantsi kwemithwalo ebalulekileyo - kungenxa yokuba yonke i-torque esuka kwi-injini inikezelwa kwi-axle yokuqhuba, kwaye iphantsi kwee-vibrations, izothuso kunye nokothuka ngenxa yokusebenzisana nabanye. iinxalenye.Ngenxa yoko, ngokuhamba kwexesha, amazinyo eegiya aphelelwa kwiindawo zoqhagamshelwano, ii-chips kunye nokuqina kungabonakala kuzo, kwaye kwezinye iimeko amazinyo aphelile ngokupheleleyo.Konke oku kubonakaliswa kukuwohloka komatshini kunye nomsindo owandayo.Ukuba kukrokrelwa ukungasebenzi kakuhle, umatshini kufuneka udityaniswe kwaye uhlolwe, xa kwenzeka ukuphuka kwegesi, i-bevel pair kufuneka itshintshwe.Akukho ngqiqweni ukutshintsha igiya enye kuphela, kuba kule meko inkqubo kungekudala iza kuba ngumthombo weengxaki kwakhona.
I-conical pair kufuneka ithathelwe ukutshintshwa, okukuyilo, ubungakanani kunye neempawu ezihambelana nendlela efakwe ngaphambili.Ukuba kuyimfuneko, unokukhetha umatshini kunye nomlinganiselo ohlukeneyo we gear, oya kuphucula ukusebenza kwesithuthi.Nangona kunjalo, ukutshintshwa okunjalo kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuqaphela kwaye kuphela ngokuzithemba ngokupheleleyo ukuba kunokwenzeka kwaye kuthethelelwe - oku kunokuxelwa ngumenzi ngokwakhe okanye iingcali.
Ukutshintshwa kwesixhobo se-bevel kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokulungisa imoto okanye itrektara.Ngokuqhelekileyo, lo msebenzi udinga ukungenelela okubalulekileyo kwi-axle ye-drive kunye ne-gearbox-ukutshintsha iigiya, kuyimfuneko ukukhupha ngokupheleleyo i-axle kunye neendlela zayo.Kwezinye iimeko, iibheringi kunye nezinto zokutywinwa ziya kufuneka zitshintshwe - kufuneka zithengwe kwangaphambili.Xa ufaka iigiya kunye nokudibanisa i-gearbox, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa izithambiso ezicetyiswayo zomenzi.Kwaye emva kokuba ukulungiswa kugqityiwe, ikhefu elifutshane lebhokisi lebhokisi liyimfuneko.
Ngokukhetha okuchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwesibini se-conical, indlela yokuhambisa elungisiweyo iya kusebenza ngokuthembekileyo, yenza imisebenzi yayo kuzo zonke iindlela.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-13-2023