Iilori kunye nezixhobo ezinzima ezahlukahlukeneyo zisebenzisa iinkqubo zokuqhobosha ezisebenza nge-pneumatically, ezilawulwa yivalve yokuqhobosha.Funda konke malunga neevalve zokuqhawula, iintlobo zazo, ukuyila kunye nokusebenza, kunye nokukhetha okuchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwale yunithi kweli nqaku.
Yintoni ivalve yebrake?
I-valve ye-Brake - into yokulawula inkqubo ye-brake yezithuthi ezine-pneumatic drive;I-valve ye-pneumatic eqhutywa yi-pedal ye-brake, enika umoya oxinzelelweyo kwii-activators (amagumbi e-brake) kunye nezinye iindawo zenkqubo ngexesha lokuqhawula.
Kwiilori kunye nezinye izithuthi ezinamavili, iinkqubo ze-braking eziqhutywa nge-pneumatically zisetyenziswa kakhulu, eziphakamileyo ekusebenzeni kunye nokuthembeka kwiinkqubo ze-hydraulic.Ukulawulwa kweeyunithi zenkqubo kuqhutyelwa ngezixhobo ezikhethekileyo - i-valve kunye ne-valve.Enye yeendima eziphambili kwi-pneumatic system idlalwa yi-valve ye-brake, apho iibhuleki zevili zilawulwa khona.
Ivalve yebrake yenza imisebenzi emininzi:
● Ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa komoya ocinezelweyo kumagumbi okuqhobosha xa kuyimfuneko ukwenza iziqhoboshi;
● Ukubonelela "i-pedal ye-pedal feeling" (ubudlelwane obulinganayo phakathi kweqondo lokunyathela i-braking yemoto kunye namandla kwi-pedal, evumela umqhubi ukuba ahlole ngokuchanekileyo inkqubo yokuqhawula kunye nokulungelelanisa le nkqubo);
● Iivalve zamacandelo amabini - ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwesekethe enye kwimeko yokuvuza komoya kwenye.
Kungenxa yoncedo lwe-valve ye-brake ukuba inkqubo ye-brake ilawulwa kuzo zonke iindlela zokuqhuba, ngoko ke le yunithi ibaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo kwemoto.I-crane ephosakeleyo kufuneka ilungiswe okanye ithathelwe indawo, kwaye ngokukhetha kwayo ngokuchanekileyo kuyimfuneko ukuqonda iintlobo ezikhoyo, ukuyila kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kwezi zixhobo.
Iintlobo, uyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kwevalve ye-brake
Iivalve zeBrake ezisetyenziswa kwizithuthi zohlulwe ngokwamaqela amabini amakhulu ngokwenani lamacandelo olawulo:
- Icandelo elinye;
- Amacandelo amabini.
Ivalve yebrake enepedali
Iikhreyini zecandelo elinye zifakwe kwizithuthi ezingasetyenziswanga ngeenqwelwana ezineziqhoboshi zomoya.Oko kukuthi, le crane inika ulawulo kuphela isiqhoboshi inkqubo yemoto.Iikhreyini ezinamacandelo amabini zisetyenziswa kwizithuthi eziqhutywa ngeetreyila / ii-semi-trailer ezinenkqubo yebrake yomoya.Ikhreyini enjalo ibonelela ngolawulo lweziqhoboshi zetrektara kunye netreyila ukusuka kwipedali enye.
Ngokulandelayo, iikhreyini zamacandelo amabini zahlulwe zaba ziindidi ezimbini ngokwendawo kunye nendlela yokulawula amacandelo:
● Ngokulawulwa kwe-lever yecandelo ngalinye - i-drive iqhutyelwa ngokusebenzisa i-levers ezimbini ezine-hinged ezine-drive enye kunye ne-thrust esuka kwi-pedal ye-brake, kwesi sixhobo amacandelo azimele (awaxhunyiwe omnye komnye);
● Ngentonga eqhelekileyo kumacandelo amabini - ukuqhutyelwa kwamacandelo omabini kuqhutyelwa yintonga enye, eqhutywe yi-pedal pedal, kwesi sixhobo icandelo elinye linokulawula ukusebenza kwesibini.
Uyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kwazo zonke iivalve zifana ngokusisiseko, kwaye iyantlukwano ilele kwiinkcukacha ezichazwe ngezantsi.
Icandelo le-crane liqukethe amacandelo amaninzi aphambili: i-actuator, isixhobo sokulandelela, i-valve yokungena kunye nokukhupha.Zonke iindawo zibekwe kwimeko efanayo, zihlulwe zibe zimbini: inxalenye enye, ukunxibelelana nomoya, kukho idrayivu kunye nesixhobo sokulandelela;Kwinxalenye yesibini, exhunywe ngokufakela kwi-receiver (abamkeli) kunye nomgca wegumbi le-brake, ii-valve zokungena kunye nokukhupha ezifakwe kwintonga efanayo zikhoyo.Amalungu omzimba ahlukaniswe nge-elastic (i-rubber okanye i-rubberized) diaphragm, eyinxalenye yesixhobo sokulandelela.I-actuator yinkqubo ye-levers okanye i-push lever edityaniswe kwi-pedal ye-brake ngentonga.
Isixhobo sokulandelela sidityaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-valve drive kunye ne-pedal ye-brake, iqulethe intonga kunye nentwasahlobo (okanye ipiston yoqwalaselo oluthile), isiphelo sentonga sibekwe ngaphezu kwesihlalo esishukumayo sevalve yokukhupha - a ityhubhu efakwe kwiglasi, leyo, nayo, iphumle ngokuchasene ne-diaphragm.Kukho umngxuma kwiglasi ebonelela ngonxibelelwano phakathi kwesiqingatha sesibini somzimba kunye nomoya.Iivalve zokungena kunye nokukhupha zenziwe ngendlela yee-rubber cones okanye iindandatho ezihlala kwizihlalo zabo.
Ivalve yebrake isebenza ngokulula.Xa i-pedal ikhutshwe, iivalve zicwangciswe ngendlela yokuba umgca wokumkela uvaliwe, kwaye umgca wegumbi lokuqhawula unxibelelana nomoya - kule ndawo inkqubo ye-brake ayisebenzi.Xa i-pedal ye-brake icinezelekile, isixhobo sokulandelela siqinisekisa ukuba i-valve yokukhupha ivala kwaye i-valve yokungena ivula ngexesha elifanayo, ngelixa i-valve ye-valve ene-valve ikhutshwe emoyeni.Kule ndawo, umoya oxinyiweyo ovela kubamkeli ugeleza kwiivalve ukuya kumagumbi e-brake - i-braking yenziwa.Ukuba umqhubi umisa i-pedal nakweyiphi na indawo, uxinzelelo kumzimba we-crane, onqanyulwe emoyeni, luyanda ngokukhawuleza, intwasahlobo yesixhobo sokulandelela ixinzelelwe, isihlalo se-valve yokukhupha siyanyuka, esikhokelela ekuvalweni kokungena. i-valve - umoya ovela kubamkeli uyayeka ukuhamba ukuya kumagumbi okuqhawula.Nangona kunjalo, i-valve yokukhupha ayivuli, ngoko ke uxinzelelo kumgca wegumbi lokuqhawula alunciphisi, ngenxa yokuba i-braking yenziwa ngenye okanye enye imikhosi.Ngokucinezela ngakumbi i-pedal, iivalve zivula kwakhona kwaye umoya ungena kumagumbi - ukunyathela kunamandla ngakumbi.Oku kuqinisekisa ukulingana komzamo osetyenziswayo kwi-pedal kunye nokuqina kwe-braking, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, kudala "imvakalelo ye-pedal".
Uyilo kunye nokusebenza kwecrane ye-KAMAZ enamacandelo amabini
Xa i-pedal ikhutshwe, isixhobo sokulandelela siyasuswa kwiivalve, ngenxa yoko i-valve yokungena ivalwe phantsi kwesenzo sentwasahlobo, kwaye i-valve yokukhupha ivula - umoya oxinzelelweyo ovela kumgca wegumbi lokuqhawula uya kwi-atmosfera, i-disinhibition. kwenzeka.Xa ucinezela i-pedal kwakhona, zonke iinkqubo ziyaphindwa.
Kukho ezinye iiplani ze-valve ze-brake, ezibandakanya i-valve enye kuphela ethatha indawo ye-valve yokungena kunye ne-exhaust, kodwa umgaqo wokusebenza kwezixhobo ezinjalo zifana naleyo ichazwe ngasentla.Kwamanye ama-cranes amacandelo amabini, icandelo elinye (eliphezulu) linokusebenza njengesixhobo sokulandelela kwicandelo elingaphantsi, ezo zixhobo zineendlela ezongezelelweyo zokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwecandelo eliphantsi ngokungabikho koxinzelelo kwicandelo eliphezulu.
Iivalve zeBrake, kungakhathaliseki ukuyila kunye nokusebenza, zinokuba nenani lezinto ezincedisayo:
● Iswitshi yokukhanya kwebreki yepneumatic sisixhobo sokutshintsha i-electro-pneumatic esinxibelelana nevalve cavity, ethi, xa uxinzelelo lunyuka (oko kukuthi, xa isiqhoboshi) sikhanyise isibane sebhuleki yemoto;
● I-Muffler ("ifungus") sisixhobo esinciphisa inqanaba lengxolo yomoya okhutshwa emoyeni xa imoto ikhululwa;
● Ukuqhuba ngesandla - iilever okanye iirodi onokuthi ngazo uziqhoboshele ngesandla / uzibhuqe imoto kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo okanye ukuyilungisa.
Kwakhona kumzimba we-crane kukho iintambo ezithungelweyo zokudibanisa imibhobho evela kubamkeli kunye nemigca yamagumbi e-brake, izibiyeli okanye amaza anemingxuma enyukayo kunye nezinye izinto.
Iivalvu zinokuxhonywa kwindawo efanelekileyo ecaleni kwezinye izinto zenkqubo ye-pneumatic, okanye ngokuthe ngqo phantsi kwe-pedal pedal.Kwimeko yokuqala, inkqubo yeentonga kunye ne-levers inikezelwa ukuhambisa amandla kwi-crane, kwimeko yesibini, i-pedal ingaba kufuphi okanye ngokuthe ngqo kwi-crane kwaye ibe ne-drive yobude obuncinci.
Imiba yokukhetha, ukulungiswa kunye nokutshintshwa kweevalve ze-brake
I-valve ye-brake enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokulawula inkqubo ye-brake, ngoko idinga ukugcinwa rhoqo, kwaye ukuba kukho ukungasebenzi, kufuneka kulungiswe okanye kufakwe endaweni ngokukhawuleza.
Kuphela uhlobo kunye nemodeli ye-crane efakwe kwimoto ngaphambili kufuneka ithathelwe ukutshintshwa, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ii-analogues ezineempawu ezifanelekileyo (uxinzelelo lokusebenza kunye nokusebenza), imilinganiselo yokufakela kunye nohlobo lokuqhuba lunokusetyenziswa.Ukufakwa kwe-crane entsha kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokulungiswa kwesithuthi, izibophelelo eziyimfuneko, izinto zokutywina kunye ne-lubricant kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngexesha lofakelo.
I-crane iphantsi kokugcinwa rhoqo ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yomenzi wemoto.I-TO-2 nganye iqhutyelwa ngokuhlolwa okubonakalayo kweyunithi kunye nokujonga ukuqina kwayo (ukukhangela ukuvuza kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo okanye i-emulsion yesepha kunye nendlebe), kunye ne-lubrication ye-rubbing parts.Rhoqo kwi-50-70 yamawaka eekhilomitha, i-crane iyachithwa kwaye yachithwa ngokupheleleyo, ihlanjwe kwaye iphantsi kokusombulula ingxaki, iindawo ezigugileyo okanye eziphosakeleyo zitshintshwa zibe zintsha, ngexesha lendibano elandelayo, i-lubricant kunye nezinto zokutywinwa ziyahlaziywa.Kule meko, kunokuba yimfuneko ukulungisa i-valve stroke kunye ne-actuator valve.Le misebenzi kufuneka yenziwe yingcali eqeqeshiweyo.
Ngokukhetha okufanelekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa, kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo, i-valve ye-brake iya kusebenza ngokuthembekileyo, iqinisekisa ulawulo olusebenzayo lwenkqubo yokunyathela isithuthi kuzo zonke iindlela zokuqhuba.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-14-2023