Kuzo zonke iinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi, i-crankshaft kunye neentonga zokudibanisa zijikeleza kwiibheringi ezikhethekileyo - ii-liners.Funda malunga nokuba yiyiphi i-crankshaft liner, yeyiphi imisebenzi eyenzayo, zeziphi iintlobo zeelayini kunye nendlela ezicwangciswe ngayo, kunye nokukhetha okuchanekileyo kweentambo ezintsha zokulungiswa - funda inqaku.
Ziziphi iileyili zecrankshaft?
I-crankshaft liner yinxalenye ye-crank mechanism ye-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi, i-plain bear ecutha iilahleko zokukhuhlana kunye nokuxinana kwamalungu kwiindawo zokudityaniswa kwe-crankshaft kunye nebhedi yebhloko ye-injini kunye.crankshaftngeentonga zokudibanisa ipiston.Ukusetyenziswa kweebheringi ezicacileyo ngenxa yeemeko ezinzima kunye nemithwalo ephezulu, phantsi kwayo i-rolling bearings (ibhola okanye i-roller) yayiza kusebenza ngokungafanelekanga kwaye iya kuba nesixhobo esifutshane.Namhlanje, uninzi lweeyunithi zamandla zisebenzisa ii-liners, kwaye kuphela kwi-injini yamandla aphantsi enye kunye neenjini ezimbini, ii-rolling bearings zisetyenziswa njengenkxaso ye-crankshaft.
Iilayini zecrankshaft zinemisebenzi emininzi esisiseko:
• Ukunciphisa amandla okukhuhlana kwindawo yokudibanisa i-crankshaft, izixhaso zebhloko yesilinda kunye neentonga zokudibanisa;
• Ukudluliselwa kwamandla kunye neetorque ezivela ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-injini - ukusuka kwiintonga zokudibanisa kwi-crankshaft, ukusuka kwi-crankshaft ukuya kwibhloko ye-injini, njl.;
• Ukuhanjiswa ngokufanelekileyo kweoli (ukwenziwa kwefilimu yeoli) kwiindawo zokuxubha;
• Ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo kunye nokubekwa kwamalungu ahambelanayo.
Iintambo ze-crankshaft zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kweyunithi yamandla, kodwa kwangaxeshanye zilula kakhulu ngokwemigaqo yoyilo.
Iintlobo kunye neempawu ze-crankshaft liners
Iibheringi ze-Crankshaft ezithambekileyo zohlulwe zibe ziintlobo ngokwendawo yokufakela, injongo kunye nemilinganiselo yokulungisa.
Kwindawo yofakelo, kukho iindidi ezimbini zeelayini:
•Inzalelwane;
• Iintonga zokudibanisa.
Iibheringi eziphambili zethafa zifakwe kwibhedi ye-crankshaft kwibhloko yenjini kwaye zigqume iijenali eziphambili ze-crankshaft, ziqinisekisa ukujikeleza kwayo simahla.Ukuqhagamshela intonga yeebheringi ezicacileyo zifakwe kwintloko engezantsi yentonga yokudibanisa kwaye igubungele ijenali yokudibanisa intonga ye-crankshaft.
Kwakhona, ukufakwa kwahlulwe ngamaqela amabini ngokwenjongo yawo:
• Isiqhelo - ukubonelela kuphela ukunciphisa amandla okubetha kwiindawo zokudityaniswa kwamalungu;
• Undoqo wokutshixa - ukongeza ukubonelela ngokulungiswa kwe-crankshaft ebhedini, ukuthintela ukufuduka kwayo kwe-axial.
Iibheringi eziqhelekileyo eziziithafa zizicangca, ezibhityileyo ezinodonga-amakhonkco.Iibherethi zokukhiya zingenziwa ngendlela ye-thrust half-rings (esetyenziswa kwisethi kunye ne-flat liner) kunye ne-liners ezineekhola;Izangqa zesiqingatha zifakwe ekupheleni kwe-injini, ii-collar liners zixhonywe kwelinye okanye ezimbini zokuxhasa ibhedi ye-crankshaft.
Iintambo ze-crankshaft zigugile ngexesha lokusebenza kwaye kufuneka zitshintshwe, iijenali ze-crankshaft nazo zixhomekeke ekugugile, okukhokelela ekwandeni kwesithuba phakathi kweendawo zokuxubha.Ukuba ufaka iilayini ezintsha zobukhulu obufanayo nezindala, i-gap iya kuhlala ikhulu kakhulu, egcwele ukunkqonkqoza kunye nokunxiba okugqithisileyo.Ukunqanda oku, ii-liners ezibizwa ngokuba yimilinganiselo yokulungisa zisetyenziswa - ukutyeba okwenyuka kancinci okuhlawulela ukunxitywa kweejenali zecrankshaft.Iintambo ezintsha zinobungakanani be-0.00, iilayini zokulungisa ziveliswa ngokunyuka kobunzima ngo-0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5 mm, ukufakwa okunjalo kutyunjwe ngokulandelanayo +0.25, +0.5, njl.
Uyilo lweliner ze-crankshaft
I-crankshaft plain bear composite, iqulethe amakhonkco amabini esinyithi esisicaba agubungela ngokupheleleyo ijenali yecrankshaft (phezulu nasezantsi).Kukho izinto ezininzi kule nxalenye:
• Imingxuma (enye okanye emibini) yokugqithisela ioli kwimijelo yeoli kwi-crankshaft kunye nentonga yokudibanisa;
• Izitshixo ngendlela yee-spikes okanye iigrooves zokulungisa i-bearing kwi-crankshaft bed support okanye kwi-low rod rod head;
• I-Longitudinal groove yokunikezelwa kweoli kumngxuma (okwenziwa kuphela kwi-liner ebekwe kwicala lomjelo - lo ngumgca osezantsi kunye nomgca wentonga ephezulu yokudibanisa);
• Kwi-collar thrust liners - iindonga ezisecaleni (iikhola) zokulungisa iibheringi kunye nokunciphisa intshukumo ye-axial ye-crankshaft.
I-liner iyisakhiwo se-multilayer, isiseko sayo iplate yensimbi ene-anti-friction coating esetyenziswe kwindawo yayo yokusebenza.Yiyo le ngubo enikezela ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana kunye nobomi benkonzo ende yokuthwala, yenziwe ngezinto ezithambileyo kwaye, kwakhona, inokuba ne-multilayered.Ngenxa yokuthamba kwayo okusezantsi, i-liner coating ithatha amasuntswana amancinci e-crankshaft ukunxiba, ikhusela ukuxinana kwamalungu, ukukrazula, njl njl.
Ngokuyila, iilayini ze-crankshaft zohlulwe zibe ngamaqela amabini aphambili:
•Bimetal;
• I-Trimetallic.
Iibheringi zeBimetallic zicwangciswe ngokulula.Zisekelwe kumgca wensimbi kunye nobukhulu be-0.9-4 mm (kuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nenjongo yenxalenye, iibheringi eziphambili zigqithise, iintonga zokudibanisa zincinci), apho i-antifriction layer kunye nobukhulu be-0.25- 0.4 mm isetyenziswa.i-lubricant eqinileyo) ukuya kuthi ga kwi-75%, isenokuba nenani elincinci lenikeli, i-cadmium, i-zinc kunye nezinye iintsimbi.
Ukongeza kwi-anti-friction coating ephambili, i-trimetallic liners inomaleko we-cover kunye nobukhulu be-0.012-0.025 mm (12-25 μm), ebonelela ngeempawu zokukhusela (ukulwa nokugqwala kunye nokugqithisa okugqithisileyo komgangatho wesiseko) kunye nokuphucula i-antifriction. iimpawu zokuthwala.Olu gquba lwenziwe nge-lead-tin-copper alloy kunye nomxholo okhokelayo we-92-100%, i-tin ukuya kwi-12% kunye nobhedu olungekho ngaphezu kwe-3%.
Kwakhona, iileyile ezongezelelweyo zinokubakho kwiibheringi ezicacileyo:
• Uluhlu oluphezulu olukhuselayo lwe-tin luyintsimbi ecocekileyo ye-tin kunye ne-thickness ye-0.5-1 microns kuphela, enika ukhuseleko kwi-corrosion, igrisi kunye nokungcola ngexesha lokuthutha, ukufakwa kunye nokugijima kwi-liner;
• Umaleko osezantsi okhuselayo wetoti ngumaleko ofanayo osetyenziswa ngaphandle kwe-liner (ejongene nezixhasi ze-crankshaft okanye ngaphakathi kwentloko yentonga yokudibanisa);
• I-nickel sublayer (isithintelo se-nickel, i-gasket) - incinci, engekho ngaphezu kwe-1-2 ye-micron layer ye-nickel phakathi kwe-antifriction engundoqo kunye nomaleko wokugquma.Olu luhlu luthintela ukusasazwa kwee-athomu ze-tin ukusuka kumgca wokugquma ukuya kweyona nto iphambili, eqinisekisa ukuqina kokwakheka kweekhemikhali kweyona nto iphambili yokulwa ne-antifriction.Ukungabikho komqobo we-nickel kwi-coating main, ukuxinwa kwe-tin kunokunyuka, okukhokelela ekutshintsheni okungalunganga kwiimpawu zokuthwala.
Isakhiwo esicatshangelwayo seebheringi ezicacileyo asikho umgangatho, abaninzi abavelisi banikela ngezicwangciso zabo ezizodwa kunye nokuyila.Ngokomzekelo, i-alloy ephambili ye-antifriction ingasetyenziswa kwisiseko sensimbi kungekhona ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa ngokusebenzisa i-sublayer eyongezelelweyo ye-aluminium okanye i-alloy yobhedu, i-copper layer ingaba neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuqamba, kubandakanywa ne-lead-free, njl.
Imiba yokukhetha kunye nokutshintshwa kweelitha ze-crankshaft
Xa ukhetha iibheringi ezicacileyo, kuyimfuneko ukuqala kwimodeli ye-injini, ukugqokwa kweendawo zokukhwelana kunye nobukho beentambo zokulungisa.Njengomthetho, iilayini zenzelwe uluhlu lwemodeli enye okanye imodeli enye yeenjini, ngoko ke akunakwenzeka ukutshintshela indawo yazo ngamacandelo asuka kwenye imoto (ngaphandle kwezinto ezinqabileyo).Kwakhona, awukwazi ukusebenzisa iilayini ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ukunxitywa kweejenali ze-crankshaft, ngaphandle koko ukulungiswa kuya kuba yingxaki enkulu ngakumbi.
Ngaphambi kokukhetha ubungakanani bokulungiswa kweebheringi, kuyimfuneko ukumisela ukunxiba kweejenali ze-crankshaft kunye nezinye iindawo ezinxulumene nazo (iibhedi, iintloko zeentonga ezidibanisayo, nangona zingaphantsi kokugqoka).Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunxiba kweentamo kwenzeka ngokungafaniyo, ezinye zazo ziguga ngokugqithiseleyo, ezinye zincinci, kodwa isethi yeentambo ezifanayo zithengwa ukulungiswa, ngoko zonke iintamo kufuneka zibe phantsi kubukhulu obufanayo.Ukukhethwa kwexabiso apho iijenali ze-crankshaft ziya kusila kuxhomekeke ekufumanekeni kweebheringi zobukhulu obuthile bokulungisa obufanelekileyo kule njini.Kwiimoto ezine-mileage ephantsi, ubungakanani bokulungiswa kwe-0.25 okanye +0.5 bukhethiwe, kwiinjini ezine-mileage ebalulekileyo, ukugaya ukuya kumlinganiselo wokulungisa we-+1.0 kunokufuneka, kwiinjini ezindala nangaphezulu - ukuya kuthi ga +1.5.Ngoko ke, kwiinjini ezintsha, iilayini ezintathu okanye ezine zobukhulu bokulungisa (ukuya kuthi ga ku-+0.75 okanye +1.0) zivame ukuveliswa, kwaye kubadala, iileyili ukuya kwi-+1.5 zifumaneka.
Ubungakanani bokulungisa i-crankshaft liners kufuneka ibe yinto yokuba xa udibanisa injini phakathi kwejenali ye-crankshaft kunye ne-bearing surface, kukho i-gap kuluhlu lwe-0.03-0.07 mm.
Ngokhetho olufanelekileyo lweebheringi ezicacileyo ze-crankshaft, injini, nokuba i-mileage ephezulu, iya kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-22-2023