Kuyo nayiphi na iyunithi yamandla yangoku, kusoloko kukho i-sensor yendawo ye-crankshaft, ngesiseko apho iinkqubo zokutshisa kunye ne-injection ye-fuel zakhiwe.Funda konke malunga nezinzwa zendawo ye-crankshaft, iintlobo zazo, ukuyila kunye nokusebenza, kunye nokukhetha okuchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwezi zixhobo kwinqaku.
Injongo kunye nendawo ye-sensor ye-crankshaft kwi-injini
I-sensor ye-Crankshaft (i-DPKV, i-sensor yokuvumelanisa, i-sensor yokuqala ye-reference) - inxalenye yenkqubo yokulawula i-electronic ye-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi;Inzwa ebeka iliso kwiimpawu zokusebenza ze-crankshaft (isikhundla, isantya), kwaye iqinisekisa ukusebenza kweenkqubo eziphambili zeyunithi yamandla (ukutshisa, amandla, ukuhanjiswa kwegesi, njl.).
Iinjini zanamhlanje zokutsha zangaphakathi kuzo zonke iintlobo ubukhulu becala zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zolawulo lwe-elektroniki, ezithatha ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza kweyunithi kuzo zonke iindlela.Eyona ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezinjalo ihlaliswe ngababonisi - izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezilandelela iimpawu ezithile zemoto, kunye nokudlulisa idatha kwiyunithi yokulawula i-electronic (ECU).Ezinye izinzwa zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kweyunithi yamandla, kubandakanywa inzwa yendawo ye-crankshaft.
I-DPKV ilinganisa ipharamitha enye - indawo ye-crankshaft kwindawo nganye ngexesha.Ngokusekelwe kwidatha efunyenweyo, isantya se-shaft kunye nesantya se-angular sinqunywe.Ukufumana olu lwazi, i-ECU isombulula uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi:
● Ukumiselwa komzuzu we-TDC (okanye i-TDC) yeepiston zokuqala kunye/okanye zesine iisilinda;
● Ukulawulwa kwenkqubo ye-injection ye-fuel - ukuzimisela kwexesha lokutofa kunye nobude be-injection;
● Ulawulo lwenkqubo yokutshisa - ukumiselwa kwexesha lokutshisa kwi-cylinder nganye;
● Ulawulo lwesixokelelwano sexesha levalvu eguquguqukayo;
● Ukulawulwa kokusebenza kwamalungu enkqubo yokubuyisela umphunga wamafutha;
● Ukulawulwa nokulungiswa kokusebenza kwezinye iinkqubo ezinxulumene ne-injini.
Ngaloo ndlela, i-DPKV iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweyunithi yamandla, ukugqiba ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza kweenkqubo zayo ezimbini eziphambili - ukuvutha (kuphela kwiinjini zepetroli) kunye nenaliti yamafutha (kwii-injection kunye neenjini zedizili).Kwakhona, inzwa yajika yaba lula ukulawula ezinye iinkqubo zeemoto, ukusebenza kwayo ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kunye nesikhundla kunye nesantya se-shaft.Inzwa ephosakeleyo inokuphazamisa ngokupheleleyo ukusebenza kwe-injini, ngoko kufuneka itshintshwe.Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthenga i-DPKV entsha, kufuneka uqonde iintlobo zezi zixhobo, ukuyila kunye nokusebenza kwazo.
Iintlobo, uyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kwe-DPKV
Nokuba luhlobo luni kunye noyilo, iisensonsi zesikhundla se-crankshaft zibandakanya iinxalenye ezimbini:
● Uluvo lwendawo;
● I-master disk (sync disk, sync disk).
I-DPKV ifakwe kwiplastiki okanye i-aluminium case, efakwe nge-bracket ecaleni kwe-master disk.I-sensor inomdibaniso wombane oqhelekileyo wokudibanisa kwisistim sombane wesithuthi, ikhonkco inokufumaneka zombini kumzimba we-sensor kunye nekhebula layo lobude obufutshane.I-sensor igxininiswe kwi-injini ye-injini okanye kwi-bracket ekhethekileyo, ifumaneka ngokubhekiselele kwi-disc master kwaye kwinkqubo yokusebenza ibala amazinyo ayo.
Inzwa yendawo yeCrankshaft kwiinjini ezahlukeneyo
I-master disc i-pulley okanye ivili, ecaleni kwe-periphery apho kukho amazinyo eprofayili yesikwere.I-disc igxininiswe ngokungqongqo kwi-pulley ye-crankshaft okanye ngokuthe ngqo kwinzwane yayo, eqinisekisa ukujikeleza kwamacandelo omabini kunye nomjikelezo ofanayo.
Ukusebenza kwenzwa kunokusekwe kwizinto ezahlukeneyo zomzimba kunye neziphumo, ezona zixhaphakileyo zizixhobo zeentlobo ezintathu:
● I-inductive (okanye imagnethi);
● Ngokusekelwe kwisiphumo seHolo;
● Ukukhanya (ukukhanya).
Ngalunye lweentlobo zoluvo luneempawu zalo zoyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza.
Inductive (magnetic) DPKV.Kwintliziyo yesixhobo kukho i-core magnetic ebekwe kwi-winging (coil).Ukusebenza kwenzwa kusekelwe kwimpembelelo ye-electromagnetic induction.Ekuphumleni, intsimi yamagnetic kwi-sensor ihleli kwaye akukho okwangoku ekujikelezeni kwayo.Xa izinyo letsimbi le-disk master lidlula kufuphi ne-core magnetic, i-magnetic field ejikeleze i-core itshintsha ngokukhawuleza, ekhokelela ekufakweni kwangoku kwi-winding.Xa i-disc ijikeleza, i-alternating current ye-frequency ethile yenzeke kwi-output ye-sensor, esetyenziswa yi-ECU ukugqiba isantya se-crankshaft kunye nendawo yayo.
Olu lolona yilo lwenzwa lulula, lusetyenziswa kakhulu kuzo zonke iintlobo zeenjini.Inzuzo yezixhobo zolu hlobo kukusebenza kwazo ngaphandle kokunikezelwa kwamandla - oku kwenza kube lula ukudibanisa kunye neengcingo nje enye ngqo kwiyunithi yokulawula.
Uluvo lwesiphumo seholo.Inzwa isekwe kwisiphumo esifunyenwe yingcali yefiziksi yaseMelika u-Edwin Hall phantse kwinkulungwane enesiqingatha eyadlulayo: xa umsinga ugqithiswa kumacala amabini ahlukeneyo epleyiti yentsimbi ebhityileyo ebekwe kwindawo ehlala imagnetic, umbane uvela kwamanye amacala amabini.Izinzwa zanamhlanje zolu hlobo zakhiwe kwiitshiphusi zeHolo ezikhethekileyo ezibekwe kwimeko enemagnethi, kwaye iidiski eziphambili kubo zinamazinyo amagnetic.I-sensor isebenza ngokulula: ekuphumleni, kukho i-voltage ye-zero ekuphumeni kwenzwa, xa izinyo lamagnetic lidlula, i-voltage ibonakala kwimveliso.Njengoko kwimeko yangaphambili, xa i-master disk ijikeleza, i-alternating current ivela kwi-output ye-DPKV, enikezelwa kwi-ECU.
Isivamvo sendawo ye-crankshaft esebenzayo
Le yinzwa enzima ngakumbi, ethi, nangona kunjalo, ibonelela ngokuchaneka komlinganiselo ophezulu kulo lonke uluhlu lwesantya se-crankshaft.Kwakhona, i-sensor yeHolo idinga umbane ohlukeneyo wokusebenza, ngoko idibaniswe ngeengcingo ezintathu okanye ezine.
Abenzi boluvo bokubona.Isiseko senzwa yibini yomthombo wokukhanya kunye nommkeli (i-LED kunye ne-photodiode), kwisithuba phakathi kwamazinyo okanye imingxuma ye-master disk.I-sensor isebenza ngokulula: i-disk, xa ijikeleza ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, idlula i-LED, ngenxa yoko i-pulsed current yenziwe ekuphumeni kwe-photodiode - isetyenziswe yiyunithi yombane yokulinganisa.
Okwangoku, iisenso ze-optical zisetyenziswa ngokulinganiselweyo, ngenxa yeemeko ezinzima zokusebenza kwazo kwi-injini - uthuli oluphezulu, ukubakho komsi, ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, ukungcola kwendlela, njl.
Iidiski eziphambili ezisemgangathweni zisetyenziselwa ukusebenza kunye nabenzi boluvo.I-disc enjalo ihlukaniswe ngamazinyo angama-60 ahlala rhoqo kwii-degrees ezi-6, ngelixa kwindawo enye ye-disc akukho mazinyo amabini (uhlobo lwe-sync ye-disc 60-2) - oku kudlula kukuqala kokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft kunye nokuqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa kwenzwa, I-ECU kunye neenkqubo ezinxulumene nazo.Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinyo lokuqala emva kokutsiba lihambelana nendawo yepiston ye-cylinder yokuqala okanye yokugqibela kwi-TDC okanye i-TDC.Kukho kwakhona iidiski kunye nezitsibi ezimbini zamazinyo ezibekwe kwi-engile yee-degrees ze-180 ukuya kwenye (uhlobo lwe-sync ye-disc 60-2-2), iidiski ezinjalo zisetyenziswa kwezinye iintlobo zeeyunithi zamandla edizili.
Iidiski ze-master ze-inductive sensors zenziwe ngentsimbi, ngamanye amaxesha ngexesha elifanayo ne-crankshaft pulley.Iidiski zoluvo lweHolo zihlala zenziwe ngeplastiki, kwaye iimagnethi ezisisigxina zibekwe emazinyweni abo.
Ukuqukumbela, siqaphela ukuba i-DPKV ihlala isetyenziswa kwi-crankshaft nakwi-camshaft, kwimeko yokugqibela, isetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni indawo kunye nesantya se-camshaft kunye nokwenza uhlengahlengiso ekusebenzeni kwendlela yokuhambisa igesi.
Ukufakwa kohlobo lwe-inductive DPKV kunye ne-master disk
Indlela yokukhetha kunye nokubuyisela inzwa ye-crankshaft ngokuchanekileyo
I-DPKV idlala indima ephambili kwi-motor, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwenzwa kukhokelela ekuwohlokeni okubukhali ekusebenzeni kwe-injini (ukuqala okunzima, ukusebenza okungazinzanga, ukuncipha kweempawu zamandla, ukuqhawuka, njl.).Kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ukuba i-DPKV ayiphumelelanga, i-injini ingasebenzi ngokupheleleyo (njengoko kuboniswe yi-Check Engine signal).Ukuba kukho iingxaki ezichazwe ngokusebenza kwe-injini, ngoko kufuneka uhlolisise inzwa ye-crankshaft, kwaye kwimeko yokungasebenzi kwayo, yenza enye indawo.
Okokuqala, kufuneka uhlole inzwa, khangela ingqibelelo yomzimba wayo, isinxibelelanisi kunye neengcingo.I-sensor inductive inokuthi ihlolwe kunye nomhloli - kwanele ukulinganisa ukuchasana kwe-winding, apho i-sensor esebenzayo inoluhlu lwe-0.6-1.0 kOhm.Inzwa yeHolo ayikwazi ukutshekishwa ngolu hlobo, ukuxilongwa kwayo kunokwenziwa kuphela kwizixhobo ezikhethekileyo.Kodwa eyona ndlela ilula kukufaka inzwa entsha, kwaye ukuba injini iqala, ke ingxaki yaba ngokuchanekileyo ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-DPKV endala.
Ukutshintsha, kufuneka ukhethe inzwa kuphela yohlobo olufakwe kwimoto kwaye lucetyiswa ngumenzi wemoto.Iinzwa zomnye imodeli azinakungena kwindawo okanye zenze iimpazamo ezibalulekileyo kwimilinganiselo, kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ziphazamisa ukusebenza kwemoto.I-DPKV kufuneka itshintshwe ngokungqinelana nemiyalelo yokulungisa isithuthi.Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwanele ukukhupha umdibaniso wombane, ukhulule enye okanye ezimbini izikrufu / iibholiti, susa inzwa kwaye ufake entsha endaweni yoko.I-sensor entsha kufuneka ibekwe kumgama we-0.5-1.5 mm ukusuka ekupheleni kwe-disc master (umgama ochanekileyo uboniswe kwimiyalelo), lo mgama unokulungiswa kunye nama-washers okanye ngenye indlela.Ngokukhetha okufanelekileyo kwe-DPKV kunye nokutshintshwa kwayo, injini iya kuqala ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza, kuphela kwezinye iimeko kuya kufuneka ukulinganisa inzwa kunye nokusetha kwakhona iikhowudi zephutha.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-13-2023