Phantse zonke iinjini zokutsha zepiston ezine-stroke zinesixhobo sokuhambisa igesi esekwe kwicamshaft.Yonke into malunga ne-camshafts, iintlobo zabo ezikhoyo, ukuyila kunye neempawu zomsebenzi, kunye nokukhetha okuchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kweeshafu, funda inqaku elicetywayo.
Injongo ye-camshaft kunye nendawo yayo kwiyunithi yamandla
I-Camshaft (i-RV, i-camshaft) iyingxenye yendlela yokusabalalisa igesi (ixesha) ye-piston ezine-stroke iinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi ezilawula inkqubo yokutshintshiselana kwegesi;I-shaft yensimbi eneekhamera ezibunjiweyo zeprofayili ekhethekileyo, eqinisekisa ukuvulwa kunye nokuvalwa kweevalvu ukwenzela ukuba kufakwe umxube ovuthayo okanye umoya kwi-cylinder kwaye ukhulule iigesi zokukhupha ngokuhambelana nokuhamba kweepiston kunye nokusebenza kwazo zonke. iisilinda.
Ixesha liyinkqubo ephambili ye-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi ebuyiselayo, ngenxa yalo, ukunikezelwa komxube we-air-fuel (kwiinjini ze-carburetor) okanye umoya (kwii-injection kunye neenjini ze-diesel) kwiisilinda ziqinisekisiwe, kwaye i-exhaust gases iqinisekisiwe. ikhutshwe kwiisilinda kuphela ngamaxesha achazwe ngokungqongqo.Utshintshiselwano lwegesi lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa iivalvu ezakhelwe kwi-cylinder nganye, kwaye i-drive yabo kunye nokulungelelaniswa komsebenzi kunye ne-crank mechanism kunye nezinye iinkqubo zeyunithi yamandla zenziwa yinxalenye enye - i-camshaft.
I-RV iphathiswe inani lemisebenzi ephambili:
● I-Actuator (ethe ngqo okanye engathanga ngqo ngendawo ephakathi) yeevalvu zokungena kunye ne-exhaust;
● Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngongqamano lwexesha kunye nezinye iinkqubo zeyunithi yamandla;
● Ukuqinisekisa ukuvulwa kunye nokuvalwa kweevalve zokungena kunye nokukhupha ngokuhambelana nexesha elichaziweyo levalve (ukungena kunye nokukhutshwa kweegesi kwi-angle ethile yokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft ngokubhekiselele kwi-TDC kunye nokuqala / ukuphela kwemivimbo);
● Kwezinye iimeko, ukuqhuba kweendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye namacandelo, kubandakanywa nezo zisebenza ngokuhambelanayo kunye nexesha (i-ignition breaker-distributor, impompo yeoli, njl.).
Indima ephambili edlalwa yi-RV kukulawula ukusebenza kweevalve zexesha ngokuhambelana nezigaba zexesha loyilo lwevalve yale yunithi yamandla.Ngombulelo kuyilo olukhethekileyo, i-camshaft iqinisekisa ukuvulwa kunye nokuvalwa kwazo zonke iivalvu kuphela ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ibeka ii-angles zokugqithwa kwazo kwii-stroke ezithile, njl. iyayicima, ishafu enjalo ifuna ukutshintshwa kwangoko.Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthenga inxalenye entsha, kufuneka uqonde iintlobo ezikhoyo zeRV, isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwazo.
Iintlobo, isakhiwo kunye neempawu ze-camshafts
Ngokubanzi, i-RV yenziwe ngendlela yentsimbi ye-shaft ye-diameter encinci, apho izinto ezininzi zenziwe:
● Iikhamera;
● Ukuxhasa iintamo;
● Igiya kunye/okanye i-eccentric drive yeendlela ezahlukeneyo;
● Ikawusi yokunyusela ipuli/igiya yokuqhuba.
Izinto eziphambili zecamshaft ziikhamera, inani lazo kwi-injini ngaphandle kwendlela yokutshintsha isigaba sihambelana nenani elipheleleyo leevalve (zombini ekungeneni nasekukhupheni).Iikhamera zineprofayili eyinkimbinkimbi ye-drop-shaped profile, xa i-RV ijikeleza, iikhamera zigijima kwaye ziqhube iipushers, ngaloo ndlela zibonelela nge-valve drive.Ngenxa yezinto ezikhethekileyo zeprofayili yekhamera, kungekhona nje ukuvulwa kunye nokuvalwa kwee-valve kufezekisiwe, kodwa nokuzigcina kwindawo evulekileyo ngexesha elithile, ukugqithela ngokuhambelana nezigaba, njl.
Imiphezulu yazo zonke iikhamera zitshintshile ngokumalunga nomnye, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokulandelelana kwazo zonke iisilinda ngokuhambelana nomyalelo omiselwe iyunithi ethile yamandla.Kwi-RV yee-injini ezine-cylinder, iincopho zeekhamera ze-cylinder enye ziguqulwa ngama-degrees angama-90, kwiinjini ze-silinda ezintandathu - ngama-degrees angama-60, kwiinjini ezisibhozo ezine-V - ngama-degrees angama-45, njl. unokufumana okungaqhelekanga ngenxa yeempawu zoyilo lwemoto.
I-RV ifakwe kwibhloko okanye intloko ye-injini ngokusebenzisa iijenali zenkxaso kwimingxuma eyenziwe ngokukodwa okanye iibhedi.I-RV ixhomekeke kwi-detachable (liners) okanye i-piece-piece (bushings) i-rolling bearings eyenziwe ngama-alloys akhethekileyo kunye ne-coefficient ephantsi yokuxubana.Imingxuma iyenziwa kwiibheringi zokubonelela i-oyile ye-injini kwiijenali ezivela kwinkqubo yokuthambisa i-injini ngokubanzi.Ekuthwaleni enye yeejenali (ngokuqhelekileyo phambi okanye ngasemva), i-thrust ring okanye esinye isixhobo sokutshixa senziwe ukuthintela iintshukumo ze-axial zeRV.
Kuyo nayiphi na indawo efanelekileyo ye-RV, i-helical gear okanye i-eccentric inokwakheka ukuqhuba iiyunithi ezahlukeneyo.Ngoncedo lwegiya, ukuqhutyelwa kwepompo yeoli okanye i-distributor ngokuqhelekileyo kuqondwa, kwaye ngoncedo lwe-eccentric, i-drive yepompo yeoli iyenzeka.Kwezinye iintlobo zeRV, zombini ezi zinto zikhoyo, kwiinjini zanamhlanje, ngokuchaseneyo, ezi zinto azikho kwaphela.
Ngaphambi kwe-shaft kukho inzwane, apho i-pulley ye-drive okanye i-gear ifakwe ngokusebenzisa isitshixo kunye ne-bolt.I-counterweight ekhutshwayo inokufumaneka apha, ebonelela ngokulungelelaniswa kwecamshaft phambi kwempompo yokuqhuba i-eccentric okanye ezinye iinxalenye ze-asymmetrical kuyo.
Ii-RVs zahlulwe zangamaqela amaninzi ngokwendlela yofakelo kunye nobuninzi kwimoto enye, uhlobo lokuqhuba, ukusebenza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zexesha kunye nezinye iimpawu zoyilo.
Ngokwendlela yokufakela, i-camshafts yahlulwe yangamaqela amabini aphambili:
● Ukufakwa ngokuthe ngqo kwibhloko ye-injini (iimoto ezine-shaft ephantsi);
● Ufakelo kwintloko yebhloko (iimoto ezine-shaft ephezulu).
Ngokuqhelekileyo, akukho zinto ezongezelelweyo kwi-shafts ephantsi, i-lubrication yabo iqhutyelwa ngenxa ye-oyile inkungu kwi-crankcase kunye nokunikezelwa kweoli phantsi koxinzelelo kwiijenali zenkxaso ngokusebenzisa i-bushings.Kwimibhobho ephezulu kukho i-longitudinal channel kunye ne-drilling transverse eyenziwa kwiijenali zenkxaso - oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iijenali zithanjiswa ngokufaka ioli phantsi koxinzelelo.
IiCamshafts zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenjini
I-injini ingaba ne-RV enye okanye ezimbini, kwimeko yokuqala, enye i-shaft inika i-drive kuzo zonke ii-valve, kwimeko yesibini, enye i-shaft inika i-drive kuphela kwi-valve yokungena, okwesibini kuphela i-valve yokukhupha.Ngokufanelekileyo, kwi-RV iyonke, inani leekhamera lihambelana nenani lazo zonke iivalvu, kwaye kwi-RV nganye eyahlukileyo, inani leekhamera lisiqingatha senani leevalve.
I-RV inokuqhutywa ngebhanti, ikhonkco okanye i-gear exhunywe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-crankshaft gear.Namhlanje, iintlobo ezimbini zokuqala ze-actuator zidla ngokusetyenziswa rhoqo, kuba i-gear drive ayithembekanga kwaye kunzima ukuyilungisa (ifuna ukuchithwa okubalulekileyo kweyunithi yokumisela izigaba okanye ukulungiswa).
Okokugqibela, zonke ii-RVs zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini ngokohlobo lwesixhobo sokuhambisa igesi apho zinokusebenza khona:
● Kwiinjini ezinexesha eliqhelekileyo;
● Ngeeyunithi ezinexesha ezinevalvu eguquguqukayo.
Kwii-camshafts zodidi lwesibini, kunokubakho iikhamera ezongezelelweyo, ezitshintshiweyo kwi-angle encinci ngokubhekiselele kwikhamera enkulu - ngoncedo lwabo, iivalve ziqhutywa xa isigaba sitshintsha.Kwakhona, ezi shafts zinokuba nezinto ezikhethekileyo zokuguqula, ukukhupha indawo yonke ecaleni kwe-axis, njl.
Ii-RV zazo zonke iintlobo kunye noyilo zenziwe ngentsimbi okanye intsimbi etyhidiweyo, imiphezulu yeekhamera ze-RVs zetsimbi zongeziweyo ziphantsi konyango lobushushu (ukucima ngemisinga ye-high-frequency currents), ii-cams ze-cast iron RVs zixutywe (bleaching ngokunyusa izinga lokupholisa). of the casting) - oku kufezekisa ukwanda kokunganyangeki kwamalungu.Iishafu ezigqityiweyo zilungelelaniswa ukunciphisa ukuphuma, kwaye kuphela emva koko zifakwe kwi-injini okanye zithunyelwe kumaketanga okuthengisa.
Indlela yokukhetha kunye nokubuyisela i-camshaft ngokuchanekileyo
I-camshaft ixhomekeke ekugqokeni kwexesha, ii-chips kunye nefom yokuqina kwiikhamera zayo, kwaye phantsi kweemeko ezithile inxalenye ichithwa ngokuyinxenye okanye ngokupheleleyo.Kuzo zonke ezi meko, i-shaft kufuneka itshintshwe enye entsha.Lo msebenzi ufuna ukuchithwa okubalulekileyo kwe-injini kunye nokusebenza kohlengahlengiso olongezelelweyo, ngoko ke kungcono ukuphathisa ingcali okanye inkonzo yemoto.
Camshaft kunye nendawo yayo ngexesha
Ukutshintshwa, kuyimfuneko ukuthatha i-camshaft kuphela yohlobo kunye nemodeli efakwe kwi-injini ngaphambili.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngenjongo yokulungisa okanye ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-motor, i-shafts eneprofayili eyahlukileyo kunye nokuhlelwa kwekhamera kuyasetyenziswa, kodwa ukutshintshwa okunjalo kufuneka kwenziwe kuphela emva kokwenza izibalo eziyimfuneko.Kwakhona, kunye ne-shaft, kuyimfuneko ukuthenga i-bushings entsha okanye i-liners, ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukutshintsha i-pulley, i-distributor drive gear kunye nezinye iindawo.Umsebenzi wokutshintsha i-shaft kufuneka wenziwe kuphela ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokulungiswa kwe-injini, emva koko i-break-in iqhutywe.
Ngokukhetha okufanelekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-camshaft, lonke ixesha le-injini liya kusebenza ngokuthembekileyo nangokuzithemba, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kweyunithi yamandla kuzo zonke iindlela.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-13-2023