Kuyo nayiphi na i-injini yokutsha yepiston yangaphakathi, ungafumana indawo enkulu ye-crank mechanism kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezinxulumeneyo-i-flywheel.Funda konke malunga nee-flywheels, iintlobo zazo ezikhoyo, ukuyila kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza, kunye nokukhetha, ukulungiswa kunye nokutshintshwa kwezi nxalenye kweli nqaku.
Indima kunye nendawo ye-flywheel kwi-injini
I-Flywheel (i-flywheel) - indibano ye-crank mechanism (KShM), i-clutch kunye ne-piston inkqubo yokuqalisa injini yokutsha;Efumaneka kwi-shank ye-crankshaft i-disc yensimbi yobunzima obukhulu kunye ne-ring gear, eqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwe-motor ngenxa yokuqokelela kunye nokubuya okulandelayo kwamandla e-kinetic.
Ukusebenza kweenjini zokutsha zepiston zangaphakathi azilingani - kwi-cylinders nganye, izibetho ezine zenziwa kwii-revolutions ezimbini ze-shaft, kwaye kwi-stroke nganye isantya sepiston sihluke.Ukuphelisa ukujikeleza okungalinganiyo kwe-crankshaft, imivimbo efanayo kwiisilinda ezahlukeneyo zihlukaniswe ngexesha, kwaye iyunithi eyongezelelweyo iyangeniswa kwi-KShM - i-flywheel eyenziwe ngendlela yevili elikhulu lentsimbi elimiswe ngasemva kwe-crankshaft.
I-flywheel isombulula imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo:
● Ukuqinisekisa ukufana kwesantya se-angular ye-crankshaft;
● Ukuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa kweepiston kwiindawo ezifileyo;
● Ukuhanjiswa kwetorque ukusuka kwi-crankshaft ukuya kwi-clutch mechanism kunye ne-gearbox;
● Ukuhanjiswa kwetorque ukusuka kwisixhobo sokuqalisa ukuya kwi-crankshaft xa uqalisa iyunithi yamandla;
● Ezinye iindidi zamalungu kukuthomalalisa kweentshukumo zokushukuma kunye nokungcangcazela, ukudityaniswa kwe-KShM kunye nokuhanjiswa kwesithuthi.
Le nxalenye, ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuninzi, iqokelela amandla e-kinetic afunyenwe ngexesha lokusebenza kwaye iyinike i-crankshaft kwimivumbo emithathu eseleyo - oku kuqinisekisa ukulungelelaniswa kunye nokuzinza kwesantya se-angular ye-crankshaft, kunye nokurhoxiswa kweepistons. ukusuka kwi-TDC kunye ne-TDC (ngenxa yamandla angenayo angenayo).Kwakhona, kunge-flywheel apho injini inxibelelana nokuhanjiswa kwemoto kunye nokuhanjiswa kwetorque ukusuka kwigiya yesiqalisi sombane ukuya kwi-crankshaft xa injini iqalwa.I-flywheel ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo kwesithuthi, ngoko ke ukuba ayisebenzi kakuhle, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ukulungiswa okanye ukutshintshwa okupheleleyo ngokukhawuleza.Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqalise umsebenzi wokulungisa, kufuneka uqonde iintlobo ezikhoyo, uyilo kunye neempawu zee-flywheels zeenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi zanamhlanje.
Indibano yeFlywheel ene-injini crankshaft
Iintlobo kunye nokwakheka kwee-flywheels
Kwiimoto zanamhlanje, ii-flywheels zoyilo olwahlukeneyo zisetyenziswa, kodwa iintlobo ezintathu zezi ndawo zixhaphake kakhulu:
● Okuqinileyo;
● Khaphukhaphu;
● I-Damper (okanye i-dual-mass).
Esona sixhobo silula sinee-flywheels eziqinileyo, ezisetyenziswa kwiinjini ezininzi zokutsha zangaphakathi zepiston - ukusuka kwiimoto ezincinci ukuya kwezona mizi-mveliso zinamandla, idizili kunye neenjini zaselwandle.Isiseko soyilo yintsimbi etyhidiweyo okanye idiski yensimbi enobubanzi obuyi-30-40 cm okanye ngaphezulu, embindini apho kukho isihlalo sofakelo kwi-crankshaft shank, kwaye isithsaba sicinezelwe kwi-periphery.Isihlalo se-crankshaft sihlala senziwe ngendlela yolwandiso (i-hub), embindini apho kukho umngxuma omkhulu, kwaye ujikeleze umjikelezo kukho imingxuma eyi-4-12 okanye ngaphezulu yeebholithi, apho i-flywheel igxininiswe kwi-flange ye-shaft shank.Kwindawo yangaphandle ye-flywheel, kukho indawo yokufakela i-clutch kunye ne-annular contact pad ye-clutch driven disc yenziwa.Kwi-periphery ye-flywheel, intsimbi yentsimbi icinezelwe, apho, ngexesha lokuqalisa, i-torque ihanjiswa ukusuka kwi-starter gear ukuya kwi-crankshaft.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwimveliso, i-flywheel ilungelelaniswa ukukhusela ukuphuma ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-injini.Xa ukulinganisa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ze-flywheel, isinyithi esingaphezulu sisusiwe (i-drilling), kwaye ngenjongo yokulinganisa kwindawo ethile, i-clutch kunye nezinye iindawo (ukuba zinikezelwe) zifakwe.Kwixesha elizayo, ukuqhelaniswa kwe-flywheel kunye ne-clutch akufanele kutshintshe, ngaphandle koko kuya kubakho ukungalingani okuyingozi kwi-crankshaft kunye ne-injini yonke.
I-flywheels elula inoyilo olufanayo, kodwa iifestile zeemilo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu zenziwe kuzo ukunciphisa ubunzima.Isampula yentsimbi ye-flywheel ukwenzela ukunciphisa ubunzima bayo idla ngokuqhutyelwa ngenjongo yokulungisa kunye nokunyusa i-injini.Ukufakwa kwe-flywheel kunciphisa ukuzinza kweyunithi yamandla kwiindlela ezidlulayo, kodwa ibonelela ngeseti ekhawulezayo yezantya eziphezulu kwaye, ngokubanzi, inefuthe elihle kwiimpawu zamandla.Nangona kunjalo, ukufakwa kwe-flywheel ekhaphukhaphu inokuqhutywa kuphela ngokuhambelana nokusebenza komnye umsebenzi wokulungisa / ukunyusa i-injini.
I-Dual-mass flywheels inoyilo oluntsonkothileyo kakhulu - ibandakanya i-torsional vibration dampers kunye nezidambisi ezahlukeneyo kuyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza.Kwimeko elula kakhulu, le yunithi iqukethe iidiski ezimbini (ikhoboka kunye nenkosi), phakathi kwayo kukho i-torsional vibration damper - enye okanye ngaphezulu kwe-arc (ehlanganiswe kwindandatho okanye egobileyo nge-arc) imithombo ephothiweyo.Kuyilo olunzima ngakumbi, kukho inani leegiya phakathi kweediski, ezisebenza njengokuhanjiswa kweplanethi, kwaye inani lemithombo linokufikelela kwishumi elinesibini okanye ngaphezulu.I-flywheel ene-dual-mass flywheel, njengesiqhelo, ifakwe kwi-crankshaft shank kwaye ibambe i-clutch.
I-flywheel ekhaphukhaphuft
Uyilo lwamavili obunzima obubini
I-flywheel epholileyo isebenza ngokulula.I-disc ye-drive ixhunywe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-crankshaft flange, ifumana i-torque kuyo, kunye nazo zonke ii-vibrations, ii-vibrations kunye nezothuso ezenzeka kwiimeko ezidlulayo.I-torque esuka kwidiski ye-drive ukuya kwikhoboka idluliselwa ngemithombo, kodwa ngenxa yokuqina kwayo, ithatha inxalenye ebalulekileyo yokunyakaza, ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nokunyakaza, oko kukuthi, benza imisebenzi ye-damper.Njengomphumo wolu qhawulo, i-disc eqhutywe, kunye ne-clutch kunye nokuhanjiswa okuxhunyiwe kuyo, ukujikeleza ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle kwee-vibrations kunye nee-vibrations.
Okwangoku, ii-fly-mass flywheels, ngaphandle koyilo lwazo oluntsonkothileyo kunye neendleko eziphezulu, ziya zifakwa ngakumbi kwiinjini zeemoto kunye neelori.Ukuthandwa okukhulayo kwezi nxalenye kubangelwa umgangatho wabo ongcono womsebenzi kunye nokukhuselwa kokudluliselwa kwiimpembelelo ezimbi ezivela kwiyunithi yamandla.Nangona kunjalo, ii-flywheels zokwakhiwa okuqinileyo, ngenxa yexabiso labo, ukuthembeka kunye nokulula, zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimoto zebhajethi, iitrektara ezininzi, iilori kunye nezinye izixhobo.
Ukukhetha i-Flywheel, ukutshintshwa kunye nemiba yokulondoloza
Ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-injini, i-flywheel iphantsi kwemithwalo ebalulekileyo yomatshini, ngoko ekuhambeni kwexesha, zonke iintlobo zokungasebenzi kakuhle zenzeka kuyo - iintanda, ukunxiba kwendawo yokudibanisa kunye ne-clutch driven disc, ukunxiba kunye nokuphuka kwamazinyo esithsaba, ukukhubazeka. kwanokutshatyalaliswa okupheleleyo (iinxalenye zentsimbi zixhomekeke koku).Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-flywheel kubonakaliswa ngokunyuka kwinqanaba lokungcangcazela kunye nengxolo ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-injini, ukuwohloka kwe-clutch, ukuwohloka okanye ukungakwazi ukuqala injini nge-starter (ngenxa yokugqoka i-ring gear), njl.
Ngokuqhelekileyo kwii-flywheels zesakhiwo esiluqilima, imbangela yengxaki yi-ring gear, kunye nokuqhekeka kunye nokuqhekeka kwediski ngokwayo.Kwimeko eqhelekileyo ye-flywheel, isithsaba sinokutshintshwa, inxalenye yohlobo olufanayo kunye nemodeli eyayimi ngaphambili kufuneka ithathelwe indawo.Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungasebenzisa isithsaba ngenani elihlukeneyo lamazinyo, kodwa ukutshintshwa okunjalo akusoloko kunokwenzeka.Ukudilizwa ngokungqongqo isithsaba ngokuqhelekileyo kwenziwa ngoomatshini - ngokuvuthela ngehamile ngetshizi okanye esinye isixhobo.Ukufakwa kwesithsaba esitsha kuqhutyelwa ngokufudumeza kwayo - ngenxa yokwandiswa kwe-thermal, inxalenye iya kuwela ngokulula kwindawo, kwaye emva kokupholisa iya kugcinwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwi-flywheel.
Kwii-flywheels ze-damper, ukungasebenzi kakubi okuyinkimbinkimbi kaninzi kwenzeka - ukuphuka okanye ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwemithombo ye-arc, ukugqoka kweebhereri, ukunxiba iindawo zokuxubha iidiski, njl njl. .Kwezinye iimeko, kunokwenzeka ukubuyisela isithsaba kunye neebheringi, kodwa kungcono ukuphathisa le misebenzi kwiingcali.Ukuxilongwa kwe-flywheel ye-damper yenziwa zombini kwi-injini nakwinxalenye esusiweyo.Okokuqala, i-angle ye-deflection ye-flywheel eqhutywe kunye ne-backlash ihlolwe, ukuba i-angle inkulu kakhulu okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, i-flywheel igxininiswe, ngoko inxalenye kufuneka ithathelwe indawo.
Wonke umsebenzi wokuxilonga kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-flywheel kufuneka wenziwe ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokulungiswa nokugcinwa kwesithuthi.Ukufikelela inxalenye, kwiimeko ezininzi, kuyimfuneko ukukhulula i-gearbox kunye ne-clutch, ehambelana nexesha elongezelelweyo kunye nomzamo.Xa ufaka i-flywheel entsha, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuqhelaniswa kwe-clutch, kunye nokusebenzisa iintlobo ezithile ze-fasteners kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, iintlobo ze-lubricant.Ukuba i-flywheel ikhethiwe kwaye yatshintshwa ngokuchanekileyo, ngoko injini kunye nokuhanjiswa kuya kusebenza ngokuthembekileyo, ukwenza imisebenzi yabo ngokuzithemba.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-13-2023