Ukuhanjiswa kunye nokutshintsha kwetorque kwibhokisi yegiya kuqhutywa ngamagiya anobubanzi obahlukeneyo.Iigiya zebhokisi zihlanganiswe kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba ziibhloko - funda malunga neebhloko zeebhokisi zeebhokisi, isakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwazo, kunye nokugcinwa kwazo kunye nokulungiswa, kwinqaku.
Injongo yeebhloko zegiya kunye nendawo yazo kwibhokisi yegiya
Ngaphandle kokuxhaphaka okunyukayo kosasazo oluzenzekelayo, ukuhanjiswa kwe-manual (okanye incwadi) akuphulukani nokuthandwa kunye nokubaluleka.Isizathu salokhu silula - ukuhanjiswa kwe-manual kulula kuyilo, ukuthembeka kunye nokubonelela ngamathuba amaninzi okuqhuba.Kwaye ngaphandle koko, iibhokisi zoomatshini kulula ukuzilungisa nokuzigcina.
Njengoko uyazi, kwii-transmission manual, i-shafts enezixhobo zobubanzi obuhlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa ukutshintsha i-torque, enokuzibandakanya.Xa iigiya zitshintsha, enye okanye enye iperi yegiya ibandakanyeka, kwaye kuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo weedamitha zabo (kunye nenani lamazinyo), i-torque ezayo kwii-axles zokuqhuba imoto iyatshintsha.Inani leeperi zegiya kwi-gearbox ye-manual yeemoto kunye neelori zinokususela kwezine (kwi-3-speed gearboxes endala) ukuya kwezisixhenxe (kwi-learth mass 6-speed gearboxes), enye yezi zibini isetyenziselwa ukubandakanya igiya ebuyela umva.Kwiibhokisi zeetrektara kunye noomatshini abahlukeneyo boomatshini abakhethekileyo, inani leeperi zegiya linokufikelela kwishumi elinesibini okanye ngaphezulu.
Iigiya ezisebhokisini zibekwe kwi-shafts (ngokukhululekileyo okanye ngokungqongqo, oku kuchazwe ngezantsi), kunye nokwandisa ukuthembeka kunye nokwenza lula ukuyila, ezinye iigiya zihlanganiswe kwisakhiwo esisodwa - ibhloko yeegiya.
Ibhloko yegiya yegiya sisiqwenga esinye seegiya ezi-2 okanye ngaphezulu ezijikeleza ngesantya esilinganayo se-angular ngexesha lokusebenza kwebhokisi.Ukudibanisa iigiya kwiibhloko kwenziwa ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:
- Ukwenziwa lula koyilo lwebhokisi ngokunciphisa inani lamacandelo asetyenzisiweyo.Ekubeni igiya enye idinga ukubonelela ngezabo izibophelelo kunye nokuqhuba, ukudibanisa kwibhloko kwenza iindawo ezihlukeneyo zesixhobo ngasinye ngokungeyomfuneko;
- Ukuphucula ukwenziwa kwemveliso yeengxenye zebhokisi yegiya;
- Ukuphucula ukuthembeka kokudluliselwa (kwakhona ngokunciphisa amacandelo kunye nokwenza lula ukuyila).
Nangona kunjalo, iibhloko zegiya zine-drawback enye: ukuba enye yeegiya idiliza, kufuneka utshintshe ibhloko yonke.Ngokuqinisekileyo, oku kwandisa iindleko zokulungiswa, kodwa isisombululo esinjalo sihlawula amaxesha amaninzi ngenxa yezizathu ezichazwe ngasentla.
Makhe siqwalasele ngokubanzi iintlobo ezikhoyo kunye neempawu zoyilo lweebhloko zegiya zokuhambisa ngesandla.
Iintlobo kunye neempawu zoyilo lweebhloko zegiya
Iibhloko zegiya zinokwahlulwa ngokwamaqela ngokokusebenza kunye nenjongo:
- Iibhloko ze-shaft eziphakathi;
- Iibhloko zezixhobo zeshaft eziqhutywayo (zesibini);
- Reverse gear blocks.
Kule meko, i-drive (i-primary) shaft idla ngokusetyenziswa ngexesha elifanayo kunye ne-gear, ukwenzela ukuba i-block gear ehlukeneyo ingabonakali kuyo.
Iishafu eziphakathi kwe-KP zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini ngokoyilo lweebhloko zegiya:
-Iigiya eziqinileyo kunye neshaft zenza into enye;
- I-Typesetting - iibhloko zegiya kunye ne-shaft ngamalungu azimeleyo, ahlanganiswe kwisakhiwo esinye.
Kwimeko yokuqala, i-shaft kunye neegesi zenziwe nge-workpiece efanayo, ngoko ke ziyinxalenye enye engenakuhlukaniswa.I-shafts enjalo iyona nto ixhaphake kakhulu, njengoko inoyilo olulula kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.Kwimeko yesibini, isakhiwo sihlanganiswe kwi-shaft kunye neebhloko ezimbini okanye ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu ze gear ezigxininiswe kuyo.Kodwa kuyo nayiphi na imeko, iibhloko zegiya kwi-countershaft zijikeleza ngokubanzi.
I-shafts eqhutywe (yesibini) i-typesetting kuphela, kwaye iibhloko zegiya ziyakwazi ukujikeleza ngokukhululekile kwi-shaft - zilungiswe ngoncedo lokudibanisa kuphela ngexesha lokutshintsha kwisixhobo esithile.Ngenxa yeempawu zoyilo lokuhanjiswa kwencwadana, iibhloko ze-shaft eziqhutywayo aziqukethe iigiya ezingaphezulu kwe-2, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo ezi zizixhobo zokuvala.Ngokomzekelo, iigiya ze-1 kunye ne-2, i-3 neye-4, kunye ne-2 neye-3 (ukuba i-gear ye-1 ibekwe ngokwahlukileyo), njl., inokudibaniswa kwiibhloko.Kwangaxeshanye, kwimoto ye-5-speed manual transmissions, igiya ye-5 yenqanaba lenziwa ngokwahlukileyo, kuba igiya yesi-4 ihlala ithe tye kwaye xa ivuliwe, i-shaft ephakathi "iyacinywa" kwibhokisi yegiya (kwi-gearbox). kule meko, ukuhamba kwetorque kuvela ngokuthe ngqo kwi-drive shaft kwikhoboka).
Iiyunithi zegiya ezibuyela umva zihlala zineegiya ezimbini kuphela, enye yazo inxibelelana nesixhobo esithile esichasene ne-countershaft kwaye eyesibini inegiya yesibini.Ngenxa yolu xhulumaniso, ukuhamba kwe-torque kuguqulwa kwaye isithuthi sinokubuyiselwa.
Zonke iibhloko zegiya zegearbox zinoyilo olufana ngokusisiseko - zenziwe ngoomatshini ukusuka kwibillet enye yentsimbi, kwaye kwezinye iimeko kuphela zinezinto ezongezelelweyo zokuqinisa kwi-shaft okanye ukubandakanya ukudibanisa, kunye nokufaka iibheringi.Ibhokisi yegiya isebenzisa zombini iigiya zehelical kunye nezixhobo eziqhelekileyo ze-spur.Kwiibhokisi zanamhlanje, iigiya ze-helical zisetyenziswa rhoqo, ezenza umgangatho ophantsi wengxolo ngexesha lokusebenza.Nangona kunjalo, iigiya ezibuyela umva zihlala zenziwa i-spur, njengoko zisebenza ngesantya esiphantsi kwaye inqanaba lengxolo alibalulekanga kubo.Kwindlela yakudala yothumelo lwencwadi, zonke okanye phantse zonke iigiya ziyi-spur.
Iibhloko zegiya zenziwe ngamabakala athile entsimbi, njengoko zifumana imithwalo emikhulu ngexesha lokusebenza.Kwakhona, ngokwesakhiwo, iibhloko zegiya zikhulu kwaye zinkulu iindawo ezimelana ngempumelelo nomothuko kunye nabanye oomatshini, kunye nemithwalo eshushu.Kodwa ngaphandle koku, iibhloko zegiya zifuna ukulungiswa ngamaxesha athile okanye ukutshintshwa.
Imiba yokulungiswa kunye nokutshintshwa kweebhloko zezixhobo
Iibhloko zegiya zisebenza kwiimeko ezinzima, ngoko ke ukungasebenzi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunokwenzeka kuzo ngokuhamba kwexesha.Okokuqala, iigiya zibonakaliswa ngamazinyo, oko, ngokomgaqo, akunakuthintelwa.Ngokusebenza ngobunono besithuthi, ukunxiba kweebhloko zegiya akukho nzima kakhulu, ngoko banokusebenza amashumi eminyaka, kwaye ukutshintshwa kwezi nxalenye ngenxa yokunxiba kunqabile.
Ngokuthe gqolo, isizathu sokutshintsha iigiya kukuguquka kwazo, ukuqhekeka, ukuqhekeka kunye nokuqhekeka kwamazinyo, okanye ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo (okuqhele ukwenzeka xa kusetyenzwa ibhokisi yegiya enamazinyo aqhekekileyo).Zonke ezi zinto zingasebenzi kakuhle zibonakaliswa yingxolo eyandisiweyo yebhokisi yegiya, ukubonakala kwezandi eziphuma ngaphandle, ukucola okanye ukugquma ngexesha lokusebenza kunye negiya, kunye nokusebenza kakubi kwebhokisi yegiya kwigiya enye okanye ngaphezulu.Kuzo zonke ezi meko, i-gearbox kufuneka ilungiswe kwaye ibhloko yegiya kufuneka itshintshwe.Asiyi kuqwalasela inkqubo yokwenza ukulungiswa apha, kuba kuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nomzekelo webhokisi, inkcazo epheleleyo inokufumaneka kwimiyalelo yokugcina nokulungiswa kwesithuthi.
Ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yeebhloko zegiya kunye nebhokisi yonke, ukugcinwa kwesiqhelo kokuhanjiswa kufuneka kwenziwe, kunye nokusebenza ngononophelo nangobuchule kwisithuthi - vula kwaye uvale iigiya ngokuchanekileyo, uqhube ngesantya esiphezulu kwiimeko zangoku, njl. .
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-27-2023