Kwiimoto ezininzi ezinamavili, amavili abanjwa yi-hub ehlala kwi-asi ngokusebenzisa iibheringi ezikhethekileyo.Funda konke malunga neebherethi zehabhu, iintlobo zazo ezikhoyo, uyilo, iimpawu zokusebenza kunye nokusebenziseka, kunye nokukhetha okuchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwezi nxalenye kwinqaku.
Yintoni i-hub ephetheyo?
Ukuthwala i-hub (i-wheel bearing) - i-undercarriage assembly (i-wheel suspension) yezithuthi ezinamavili;I-rolling bearing ye-design enye okanye enye, enika uxhulumaniso, ukulungelelaniswa kunye nokujikeleza kwamahhala kwe-hub yevili kwi-axle.
Ukuthwala ivili kwenza imisebenzi emininzi:
● Ukuqinisekisa ukuba kunokwenzeka ukujikeleza kwe-hub kwi-axle (trunnion) kunye nokunciphisa amandla okubetha;
● Uqhagamshelo lomatshini lwe-hub ene-asi (i-trunnion) okanye iqhosha lokuqhuba;
● Ukumiswa kwe hub kwi-axis;
● Ukusasazwa kwee-radial kunye ne-lateral force kunye ne-torques ezithunyelwa ukusuka kwivili nge-hub ukuya kwi-axle kunye nokumiswa kwemoto, kwaye kwelinye icala;
● Ukukhulula i-axle shafts ye-asi yokuqhuba - ivili alibanjwanga kwi-axle shaft, kodwa lihlala kwi-knuckle yokuqhuba, i-trunnion okanye i-axle beam.
Iibheringi zamavili zisetyenziselwa ukunyusela ii-hubs zawo onke amavili eemoto kunye neelori, iibhasi, iitrektara kunye nezinye izixhobo, amavili aqhuba iitrektara zeeklasi ezincinci zokuhamba (ngokuqhelekileyo kuzo amavili angasemva aqhagamshelwe ngokungqongqo kwi-axle shafts), ngokunjalo. kwiimoto-amavili ezithuthi ezine-electromechanical transmission.I-hub bearing ibaluleke kakhulu kwi-chassis yesithuthi, ngoko ke xa kukho nakuphi na ukungasebenzi kakuhle, kufuneka kutshintshwe.Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthenga i-bearing, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda iintlobo zayo, ukuyila kunye neempawu.
Iintlobo, uyilo kunye neempawu zeebheringi zehabhu
Iibherethi eziqengqelekayo zisetyenziselwa ukufakela ii-hubs kwii-axles, ezithi, ngamandla amakhulu kunye nokuthembeka, zibonelela ngokunciphisa okuphezulu kwimikhosi yokuxubana.Ngokubanzi, uyilo lokuthwala lulula: ezi zimbini zamakhonkco - zangaphandle nangaphakathi - phakathi kwazo kukho uluhlu lwezinto ezijikelezayo ezifakwe kwi-cage (i-mesh eyenziwe ngetsimbi okanye iplastiki eqinisekisa indawo echanekileyo yezinto ezijikelezayo. ).Indawo yangaphakathi igcwele igrisi, izikhewu phakathi kwamakhonkco zivaliwe kunye nezigqubuthelo zokukhusela ukuvuza kwegrisi kunye nokungcoliswa kwangaphakathi kwebhere.Uyilo lweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebheringi zinokuhluka, njengoko kuchazwe ngezantsi.
Iibheringi zamavili zihlelwa ngokwendlela yoyilo kunye nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nesalathiso somthwalo obonwayo.
Ngokwemizimba yokujikeleza esetyenzisiweyo, iibheringi zezi:
● Ukuqengqeleka kwebhola kwenzeka kwiibhola zentsimbi;
● I-roller - i-roller iqhutyelwa kwii-conical rollers.
Ngexesha elifanayo, ngokwendawo yezinto ezijikelezayo, iibheringi zohlulwe zibe ngamaqela amabini:
● Umqolo omnye;
● Imiqolo emibini.
Kwimeko yokuqala, kukho umqolo omnye weebhola okanye i-roller phakathi kwamasongo, okwesibini - imiqolo emibini nganye.
Ngokwendlela eqhelekileyo yomthwalo kubo, iibherengi zehabhu zezi:
● I-Radial-thrust;
● Ukuzilungelelanisa kwiradial-thrust.
Iibheringi zoqhagamshelwano lwe-angular zifunxa amandla aqondiswe ngaphaya kwe-axis (kwi-radius) kunye nasecaleni kwayo.Oku kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kokuthwala, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni lokuhamba kwamavili - ingaba iintshukumo kwinqwelomoya ethe nkqo (xa uqhuba kwiindlela ezingalinganiyo), okanye ukutenxa kwevili ukusuka kwi-axis longitudinal (ukujika kwe-steered). amavili, imithwalo ecaleni kumavili xa ukoyisa i-radii okanye xa uqhuba ngethambeka, iimpembelelo zecala kumavili, njl. njl.).
Ngenxa yoyilo, iibheringi ezizilungelelanisayo zihlawulela ukungahambi kakuhle kwe-axle kunye ne-hub, ukunciphisa ubunzima bokunxiba kwamalungu.
Ngokwesakhiwo, iibheringi zeentlobo ezixoxwe ngasentla zahlukile.
Umqolo omnye odityanisiweyo weebheringi zoqhagamshelwano.Ziquka amakhonkco amabini, phakathi kwazo ii-conical rollers zixutywe, zihlulwe ngumhluli.Indawo yangaphakathi yokuthwala igcwele igrisi, ikhuselwe ukuvala kunye nokuvuza ngokusebenzisa i-O-ring.Inxalenye yolu hlobo ayinakwahlulwa.
Iibheringi zebhola ezizimiqolo eziphindwe kabini kunye neebheringi ezizilungelelanisayo.Ziquka amakhonkco amabini abanzi, phakathi kwayo imiqolo emibini yeebhola igxininiswe, ihlulwe ngumhluli oqhelekileyo.Iibhere ezizilungeleyo, ngenxa yobume obukhethekileyo beendawo zangaphakathi zamakhonkco, zenza kube lula ukutshintsha imiqolo yeebhola ngokubhekiselele kwi-axle ye-trunnion.Iibheringi eziqhelekileyo zolu hlobo azinakuhlukana, zilungelelanise-zinokuthi zingabonakali okanye zidibanise.
Iibherengi zerola zoqhagamshelwano ezinemiqolo emibini.Banoyilo olufana nolo lwangaphambili.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ii-conical rollers zomqolo ngamnye zinelungiselelo lesibuko - inxalenye ebanzi ye-roller ngaphandle.Esi sikhundla siqinisekisa ukusasazwa ngokulinganayo kwemithwalo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwamalungu.Iibheringi zolu hlobo azinakwahlulwa.
Ekugqibeleni, iibheringi zamavili zahlulwe zibe ngamaqela amabini ngokoyilo lwazo:
● Iibheringi zomntu ngamnye;
● Iibheringi ezidityanisiweyo zibe yiyunithi enye ene hub.
I-Hub enebhola edityanisiweyo yemigca emibini ezilungelelanisayo
Uhlobo lokuqala ziibheringi eziqhelekileyo, ezinokufakelwa kwaye zichithwe ngaphandle kokutshintsha ezinye iindawo zokukhwelana.Uhlobo lwesibini ziibheringi ezidityanisiweyo kwi-hub yevili, ngoko azikwazi ukutshintshwa ngokwahlukileyo.
Iindawo zokufakela kunye nokusebenza kweebheringi zamavili
Iibheringi zeHub zahlulwe ngokwamaqela amaninzi ngokwendawo yofakelo kunye nokusebenza:
● Iibheringi zeehabhu zamavili okuqhuba (inqwelo yangaphambili kunye nezithuthi eziqhuba onke);
● Iibheringi zeehabhu zamavili aqhutywayo (izithuthi eziqhuba ngasemva);
● Iibheringi zee-hubs zamavili angaqhutywanga (izithuthi ezihamba phambili, kunye neenqwelo ezine-axle ezine ezine-axle ezixhasayo ezingaqhubekiyo);
● Iibheringi zeehabhu zokuqhuba amavili angalawulekiyo (ukuqhuba kwamavili angasemva kunye neemoto eziqhuba onke amavili).
Iintlobo ezithile zeebheringi zisetyenziswa kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-axles kunye nee-hubs:
● Kwiindawo zokuqhubela phambili amavili eemoto zabakhweli - iibhola ezinemigca emibini okanye iibheringi;
● Kwiindawo zokuqhuba okungalawulekiyo kunye namavili aqhutywayo eemoto zabakhweli - zombini iibhola ezinemigca emibini okanye iibheringi eziqengqelekayo (kwiimoto ezininzi zale mihla), kunye neebheringi ezine tapered (kwiimoto ezininzi ezikhutshwa kwangoko, kubandakanywa nezo zasekhaya);
● Kumaziko awo onke amavili eenqwelo-mafutha eziqhutywa ngamavili angasemva kunye neelori, iibhasi, iitrektara kunye nezinye izixhobo (ngaphandle kwemeko enqabileyo) kukho iibheringi ezimbini ezinetapered.
Ukunyuka kweebheringi kwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.Kumavili angasemva ezithuthi ezihamba phambili eziqhutywa ngamavili, i-hub beararing ibekwe kwi-trunnion, kwaye i-hub ngokwayo okanye i-drum ye-brake ifakwe kwindandatho yayo yangaphandle.Amacandelo afanayo eelori kunye neemoto ezihamba ngasemva zinoyilo olufanayo, kodwa apha iibheringi ezimbini zifakwe kwi-axle.Kumavili angaphambili eemoto zomkhweli eziqhuba ngaphambili, ukuthwala kufakwe kwi-knuckle yokulawula, kwaye i-hub ifakwe kwiringi yangaphakathi yokuthwala.
Uyilo lwendibano yehabhu yamavili angasemva eemoto eziqhuba ngaphambili
Imiba yokhetho, ukutshintshwa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-hub bearing
Iinqwelo zamavili ziphantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu, ngoko ke ziyakwazi ukugqoka ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuphuka.Kwiimeko apho kukho i-hum ye-bearings, ukuphathwa kwemoto kuyancipha, kukho ukuhlaselwa okungenakuphetshwa kwee-hubs kunye nokugqithisa kweendibano ze-hub kubonwa, iibheringi kufuneka zihlolwe.Ukuba zifunyenwe ukuba zigugile okanye zophukile, kufuneka zitshintshwe.
Iibheringi zeentlobo kunye namanani ekhathalogu awayefakelwe ngaphambili kufuneka akhethelwe ukutshintshwa.Akukhuthazwa ukuba utshintshe uhlobo lokuthwala ivili, njengoko oku kunokutshintsha iimpawu ze-chassis ngokungalindelekanga.Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekukhethweni kweebheringi ezifakwe kwi-tapered ezifakwe ngababini - kwezinye iimeko zinokuthi zitshintshwe ngokuzimeleyo, kwezinye iimeko kuphela ukutshintshwa kwe-paired kuphela kunokwenzeka.Kwaye ukuba imoto isebenzisa ii-hubs ezineebheringi ezidibeneyo, ngoko kuya kufuneka uthenge yonke indibano yendibano - ukutshintshwa okwahlukileyo kweebheringi kuzo akunakwenzeka.
Iibheringi zamavili kufuneka zitshintshwe kwaye zilungelelaniswe ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokulungisa le moto (ibhasi, itrektara), kwaye emva koko kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza amanyathelo okulondoloza achazwe kwimiyalelo yale yunithi.Ukuba uthatha isigqibo sokwenza utshintsho ngokwakho, kufuneka ubeke kwisixhobo esikhethekileyo sokucofa kunye nokucofa iibheringi, ngaphandle koko lo msebenzi awuyi kwenzeka.
Ngokukhethwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa, kunye nokugcinwa rhoqo kweebheringi zamavili, i-chassis yesithuthi iya kusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kuyo nayiphi na imeko yamashumi amawaka eekhilomitha.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-05-2023