Isiseko sokulawula injini yokutofa yindibano ye-throttle, elawula ukuhamba komoya kwiisilinda.Xa ungenzi nto, umsebenzi wokubonelela ngomoya uya kwenye iyunithi - umlawuli wesantya ongasebenziyo.Funda malunga nabalawuli, iintlobo zabo, ukuyila kunye nokusebenza, kunye nokukhetha kwabo kunye nokutshintshwa kwinqaku.
Yintoni isilawuli sesantya esingasebenziyo?
Umlawuli wesantya esingenamsebenzi (XXX, isilawuli somoya esongezelelweyo, inzwa engenamsebenzi, i-DXH) yindlela yokulawula inkqubo yokunikezelwa kwamandla kwiinjini ze-injection;Isixhobo se-electromechanical esisekwe kwi-stepper motor ebonelela ngemitha yobonelelo lomoya kwi-motor receiver ngokudlula ivalve ye-throttle evaliweyo.
Kwi-injini yokutshisa yangaphakathi kunye nenkqubo ye-injection ye-fuel (i-injection), ulawulo lwesantya lwenziwa ngokunikezela umthamo ofunekayo womoya kumagumbi okutsha (okanye kunoko, kumamkeli) ngokusebenzisa i-throttle assembly, apho i-valve ye-throttle ilawulwa i-pedal yegesi ikhona.Nangona kunjalo, kolu yilo, kukho ingxaki ye-idling - xa i-pedal ingacinezelwa, i-valve ye-throttle ivalwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye umoya awuhambi kumagumbi okutsha.Ukusombulula le ngxaki, umatshini okhethekileyo ungeniswa kwindibano ye-throttle ebonelela ngomoya xa i-damper ivaliwe - umlawuli wesantya ongasebenziyo.
XXX yenza imisebenzi emininzi:
● Ukunikezelwa komoya oyimfuneko ekuqaliseni nasekufudumezeni iyunithi yamandla;
● Ukulungelelaniswa nokuzinziswa kobuncinane besantya senjini (i-idling);
● Ukudambisa ukuhamba komoya kwiindlela ezidlulayo - ngokuvula okubukhali kunye nokuvalwa kwevalve ye-throttle;
● Ukulungelelaniswa komsebenzi weemoto kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo.
Isilawuli sesantya esingasebenziyo esifakwe kumzimba wokuhlanganisa i-throttle siqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-injini ngokungasebenziyo kunye nakwiindlela zomthwalo ongaphelelanga.Ukungaphumeleli kwale nxalenye kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwemoto okanye ukuyikhubaza ngokupheleleyo.Ukuba ukungasebenzi kakuhle kufunyenwe, i-RHX kufuneka ithathelwe indawo ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngaphambi kokuthenga inxalenye entsha, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ukuyila kunye nokusebenza kwale yunithi.
Indibano ye-throttle kunye nendawo ye-RHX kuyo
Iintlobo, uyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kwe-PHX
Zonke izilawuli ezingasebenziyo zibandakanya izinto ezintathu eziphambili: i-stepper motor, i-valve assembly, kunye ne-valve actuator.I-PX ifakwe kumjelo okhethekileyo (i-bypass, bypass), ibekwe ngokudlula i-valve ye-throttle, kwaye i-valve yayo ilawula ukudlula kweli jelo (ilungisa ububanzi bayo ukusuka ekuvaleni ngokupheleleyo ukuya ekuvuleni ngokupheleleyo) - yile ndlela yokunikezelwa komoya ummkeli kwaye ngakumbi kwiisilinda zilungiswa.
Ngokwesakhiwo, i-PXX inokwahluka kakhulu, namhlanje iintlobo ezintathu zezi zixhobo zisetyenziswa:
● I-axial (i-axial) enevalve ye-conical kunye ne-drive ngqo;
● I-Radial (emile okwe-L) enevalve e-conical okanye eyi-T ene-drive kwisixhobo seentshulube;
● Ngevalve yecandelo (ivalve yebhabhathane) enokuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo.
I-Axial PXX ene-valve ye-conical isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimoto zabagibeli ezineenjini ezincinci (ukuya kwii-2 ilitha).Isiseko soyilo yinjini ye-stepper, ecaleni kwe-axis ye-rotor apho kunqunyulwa intambo - i-screw lead ifakwe kulo msonto, isebenza njengentonga, kwaye ithwele ivalve yecone.I-screw ekhokelayo kunye ne-rotor yenza i-actuator yevalve - xa i-rotor ijikeleza, i-stem yandisa okanye ihoxisa ngevalve.Esi sakhiwo siphela sivalelwe kwiplastiki okanye kwintsimbi yentsimbi kunye neflange yokuxhoma kwindibano ye-throttle (ufakelo lunokwenziwa ngezikhonkwane okanye iibholiti, kodwa ukunyuswa kwevarnish kudla ngokusetyenziswa - umlawuli uncamathiselwe nje kumzimba wokuhlanganisa i-throttle ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo. ivanishi).Ngasemva kwecala kukho umdibaniso oqhelekileyo wombane wokuxhuma kwiyunithi yokulawula injini ye-elektroniki (ECU) kunye nokubonelela ngamandla.
Akukho-mthwalo umlawuli kunye ngqo valve isikhondo drive
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ekuqhubeni i-trapezoids ye-axle ene-suspension ezimeleyo, intonga enye yokubopha isetyenziswe ngokwenene, ihlukaniswe ngamacandelo amathathu - ibizwa ngokuba yintonga edibeneyo.Ukusetyenziswa kwentonga yokuqhawula iqhina kuthintela ukuphambuka okuzenzekelayo kwamavili aqhutywayo xa uqhuba amaqhuma endleleni ngenxa ye-amplitude eyahlukeneyo ye-oscillation yamavili asekunene nasekhohlo.I-trapezoid ngokwayo inokufumaneka ngaphambili nangasemva kwe-axle yamavili, kwimeko yokuqala ibizwa ngokuba ngumphambili, okwesibini - ngasemva (ngoko musa ukucinga ukuba "i-trapezoid yangasemva" yindawo yokuqhubela phambili. i-asi yangemva yemoto).
Kwiinkqubo zokulawula ezisekelwe kwi-rack steering rack, zimbini kuphela iintonga ezisetyenziswayo - ukunqumla ngasekunene nakwesobunxele ukuqhuba amavili asekunene nasekhohlo, ngokulandelanayo.Enyanisweni, le yi-trapezoid yokulawula kunye nentonga ye-longitudinal ehluthiweyo kunye ne-hinge kwindawo ephakathi - esi sisombululo senza lula ukuyila kwendlela yokulawula, ukwandisa ukuthembeka kwayo.Iintonga zalo matshini zihlala zinedizayini edibeneyo, iindawo zazo zangaphandle zidla ngokuba ziingcebiso zokuqhuba.
Iintonga zokubopha zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini ngokwethuba lokutshintsha ubude bawo:
● Ingalawulwayo - intonga enye enobude obunikeziweyo, isetyenziswe kwiidrives kunye nezinye iintonga ezihlengahlengiswayo okanye ezinye iindawo;
● Ukulungelelaniswa - iintonga ezidibeneyo, ezithi, ngenxa yamacandelo athile, zitshintshe ubude bazo ngaphakathi kwemida ethile yokulungelelanisa izixhobo zokuqhuba.
Ekugqibeleni, iintonga zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amaninzi ngokokusebenza kwazo - kwiimoto kunye neelori, kwiimoto kunye nangaphandle kokulawula amandla, njl.
Radial (L-shaped) PXX malunga nesicelo esifanayo, kodwa inokusebenza ngeenjini ezinamandla ngakumbi.Zikwasekelwe kwi-motor stepper, kodwa kwi-axis ye-rotor yayo (i-armature) kukho imbungu, leyo, kunye ne-counter gear, ijikeleza ukuhamba kwe-torque ngama-90 degrees.I-stem drive ixhunyiwe kwi-gear, eqinisekisa ukwandiswa okanye ukuchithwa kwevalve.Esi sakhiwo siphela sifumaneka kwizindlu ezibunjwe ngu-L kunye nezinto ezikhulayo kunye nekhonkco lombane eliqhelekileyo lokuxhuma kwi-ECU.
I-PXX enevalve yecandelo (i-damper) isetyenziswa kwiinjini zomthamo omkhulu weemoto, ii-SUV kunye neelori zorhwebo.Isiseko sesixhobo yinjini ye-stepper ene-armature esisigxina, apho i-stator enemagnethi esisigxina inokujikeleza.I-stator yenziwe ngendlela yeglasi, ifakwe kwi-bearing kwaye idibaniswe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-flap yecandelo - iplate evimba ifestile phakathi kweepayipi zokungena kunye nokuphuma.I-RHX yolu qulunqo lwenziwe kwimeko efanayo kunye nemibhobho, edityaniswe kwindibano ye-throttle kunye nommkeli ngokusebenzisa i-hoses.Kwakhona kwimeko kukho ikhonkco lombane eliqhelekileyo.
Ngaphandle kolwahlulo loyilo, zonke i-PHX zinomgaqo ofanayo wokusebenza.Okwangoku ukuvutha kuvuliwe (kwangoko ngaphambi kokuba injini iqale), isibonakaliso sifunyenwe kwi-ECU ukuya kwi-RX ukuvala ngokupheleleyo i-valve - yile ndlela i-zero point of regulator ibekwe ngayo, apho ixabiso Ukuvula umjelo wokugqitha kuye kulinganiswe.Inqaku le-zero libekwe ukuze kulungiswe ukunxiba okunokwenzeka kwevalve kunye nesihlalo sayo, ukubeka iliso kokuvalwa ngokupheleleyo kwevalve kuqhutywa ngokukhoyo kwisekethe yePXX (xa ivalve ibekwe esihlalweni, okwangoku. ukwanda) okanye ngamanye abenzi boluvo.I-ECU emva koko ithumela iimpawu ze-pulse kwi-PX stepper motor, ejikeleza nge-angle enye okanye enye ukuvula ivalve.Iqondo lokuvula i-valve libalwa kumanyathelo emoto yombane, inani labo lixhomekeke kuyilo lwe-XXX kunye ne-algorithms efakwe kwi-ECU.Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa uqalisa i-injini kunye ne-injini engatshisiyo, ivalve ivuliwe ngamanyathelo angama-240-250, kwaye kwi-injini efudumeleyo, iivalve zemodeli eyahlukeneyo zivula ngamanyathelo angama-50-120 (oko kukuthi, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-45-50% itshaneli cross-icandelo).Kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo ezidlulayo kunye nomthwalo wenjini, ivalve inokuvula kulo lonke uluhlu ukusuka ku-0 ukuya kuma-240-250 amanyathelo.
Oko kukuthi, ngexesha lokuqalisa i-injini, i-RHX ibonelela ngevolumu efunekayo yomoya kumamkeli we-injini yesiqhelo engasebenziyo (ngesantya esingaphantsi kwe-1000 rpm) ukuze iyifudumeze kwaye ingene kwindlela eqhelekileyo.Emva koko, xa umqhubi elawula i-injini usebenzisa i-accelerator (i-pedal yegesi), i-PHX inciphisa umthamo womoya ongena kumjelo wokudlula de uvalwe ngokupheleleyo.I-injini ye-ECU ihlala ibeka iliso kwindawo yevalve ye-throttle, ubungakanani bomoya ongenayo, ukuxinwa kwe-oksijini kwi-exhaust gases, isantya se-crankshaft kunye nezinye iimpawu, kwaye ngokusekwe kule datha ilawula isantya esingenamsebenzi, kuyo yonke injini. iindlela zokusebenza eziqinisekisa ukubunjwa okukuko komxube otshayo.
Isiphaluka sokulungelelaniswa kokunikezelwa komoya ngumlawuli wesantya esingenamsebenzi
Imiba yokhetho kunye nokutshintshwa komlawuli wesantya ongasebenziyo
Iingxaki nge-XXX zibonakaliswa ngokusebenza kweempawu zeyunithi yamandla-isantya esingazinzanga sokungenzi nto okanye ukumisa okuzenzekelayo kwizantya eziphantsi, ukukwazi ukuqalisa injini kuphela ngokucofa rhoqo i-pedal yegesi, kunye nokunyuka kwesantya sokungenzi nto kwi-injini efudumeleyo. .Ukuba iimpawu ezinjalo zivela, umlawuli kufuneka afunyanwe ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokulungisa isithuthi.
Kwiimoto ngaphandle kwe-XXX ye-self-diagnostic system, kufuneka wenze isheke ngesandla somlawuli kunye neesekethe zayo zamandla - oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa umhloli oqhelekileyo.Ukujonga i-circuit yamandla, kuyimfuneko ukulinganisa i-voltage kwi-sensor xa i-ignition ivuliwe, kwaye ukujonga i-sensor ngokwayo, kufuneka ucofe i-windings ye-motor yayo yombane.Kwizithuthi ezine-XXX yokuxilonga, kuyimfuneko ukufunda iikhowudi zempazamo usebenzisa iskena okanye ikhompyuter.Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ukuba kufunyenwe ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-RHX, kufuneka itshintshwe.
Kuphela abo balawuli abanokusebenza kunye nale ndibano ethile ye-throttle kunye ne-ECU kufuneka bakhethwe ukutshintshwa.I-PHX efunekayo ikhethwa ngenombolo yekhathalogu.Kwezinye iimeko, kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenzise i-analogues, kodwa kungcono ukuba ungenzi uvavanyo olunjalo ngeemoto phantsi kwewaranti.
Ukutshintshwa kwePXX kuqhutyelwa ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokulungisa imoto.Ngokuqhelekileyo, lo msebenzi wehla kumanyathelo amaninzi:
1.De-enegize inkqubo yombane wemoto;
2.Susa ikhonkco lombane kumlawuli;
3.Dibanisa i-RHX ngokukhulula izikrufu ezibini nangaphezulu (iibholiti);
4.Coca indawo yofakelo yomlawuli;
5.Faka kwaye udibanise i-PXX entsha, ngelixa kufuneka usebenzise izinto zokutywinwa ezibandakanyiweyo (iindandatho zerabha okanye iigaskets).
Kwezinye iimoto, kunokuba yimfuneko ukongezelela ukudiliza ezinye izinto - imibhobho, izindlu zokucoca umoya, njl.
Ukuba i-RHX ifakwe kwimoto nge-varnish, ngoko kuya kufuneka ususe yonke indibano ye-throttle, kwaye ubeke umlawuli omtsha kwi-varnish ekhethekileyo ethengwe ngokwahlukileyo.Ukufakwa kwezixhobo ezine-damper yecandelo, kucetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe ii-clamps ezintsha ukulungisa i-hoses kwimibhobho.
Ngokukhetha okufanelekileyo kunye nofakelo, i-RHX iya kuqalisa ukusebenza kwangoko, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-injini kuzo zonke iindlela.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-26-2023