Iimoto ezininzi kunye neetrektara zisebenzisa inkqubo yokukhupha, equka iindawo ezincedisayo - iipayipi zokungena.Funda konke malunga nemibhobho yokungena, iintlobo zazo ezikhoyo, ukuyila kunye nokusebenza, kunye nokukhetha okuchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwezi nxalenye kweli nqaku.
Yintoni umbhobho wokufunxa?
Umbhobho wokungenisa (umbhobho wokungena) yinto yenkqubo yokukhupha igesi yeenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi;Umbhobho omfutshane weprofayili ethile kunye ne-cross-section, eqinisekisa ukufunyanwa kweegesi ezivela kwi-exhaust manifold okanye i-turbocharger kunye nokunikezelwa kwazo kwizinto ezilandelayo zenkqubo yokukhupha.
Inkqubo yokukhupha iimoto kunye nezinye izixhobo yinkqubo yemibhobho kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo eziqinisekisa ukukhutshwa kweegesi ezishushu kwi-injini ukuya emoyeni kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo yokukhupha.Xa ushiya i-injini, iigesi zinobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo, ngoko ke eyona nto ihlala ixesha elide kunye neyokumelana nobushushu ifumaneka apha - ukukhupha okuninzi.Imibhobho enokubamba amadangatye, iiresonators, iimufflers, i-neutraizers kunye nezinye izinto ziyaphuma kumqokeleli.Nangona kunjalo, kwiinkqubo ezininzi, ukufakwa kwemibhobho yokungena akwenziwanga ngokuthe ngqo kumqokeleli, kodwa ngokusebenzisa i-adapter element - umbhobho omfutshane wokungena.
Umbhobho wokuthatha usombulula iingxaki ezininzi kwinkqubo yokukhupha:
● Ukwamkelwa kweegesi eziphumayo ezivela kwi-manifold kunye nolwalathiso lwabo kumbhobho wokufumana;
● Ukujikeleza kwe-exhaust gas flow kwi-angle enika indawo efanelekileyo yezinto ezilandelayo zenkqubo;
● Kwimibhobho ene-vibration compensators - i-vibration yodwa ye-injini kunye ne-exhaust system.
Umbhobho wokungena ubalulekile ekutywineni inkqubo yokukhupha kunye nokusebenza kwayo ngokuqhelekileyo, ngoko ke, xa kwenzeka umonakalo okanye ukutshiswa, le nxalenye idinga ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza.Kwaye ukhetho olufanelekileyo lombhobho, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda iintlobo ezikhoyo, ukuyila kunye neempawu zala macandelo.
Inkqubo yokukhupha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemibhobho yokungena
Iintlobo kunye noyilo lwemibhobho yokungena
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kwangoko ukuba iibhobho zokungenisa azisetyenziswanga kuzo zonke iinjini - le nxalenye ifumaneka rhoqo kwiiyunithi zeelori, iitrektara kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezikhethekileyo, kunye neenqwelo zokukhwela, ukufumana imibhobho yohlengahlengiso oluhlukeneyo isetyenziswa rhoqo.Imibhobho yokungena ilungele kwiinkqubo zokukhupha iinjini ezinamandla, apho kufuneka ukuba kwenziwe ukukhutshwa okulula kweegesi kwi-manifold yokukhupha okanye i-turbocharger kwindawo evaliweyo.Ngoko xa ulungisa inkqubo, kufuneka uqale uqinisekise ukuba kukho umbhobho kuyo, okanye ukuba ufuna umbhobho wokufumana.
Yonke imibhobho yokungena yahlulwe yangamaqela amabini amakhulu ngokoyilo kunye nokusebenza:
● Imibhobho eqhelekileyo;
● Imilomo edityaniswe ne-vibration compensator.
Imibhobho elula inoyilo olulula kakhulu: ngumbhobho wensimbi othe tye okanye ogobileyo we-variable cross-section, kuzo zombini iziphelo apho kukho iiflange ezidibanisayo ezinemingxuma yee-studs, iibholiti okanye ezinye izinto zokubopha.Imibhobho ethe tye inokwenziwa ngokunyathela okanye ukusuka kumacandelo ombhobho, iibhobho ezigobileyo zenziwe nge-welding eziliqela ezingenanto - iindonga ezigxininisiweyo zecala kunye namakhonkco aneeflange.Ngokuqhelekileyo, ama-flanges anyukayo ayenziwa ngendlela yeendandatho okanye iipleyiti ezibekwe ngokukhululekileyo kumbhobho, uxinzelelo lombhobho kwiindawo zokukhwelana (imibhobho, i-manifold, i-turbocharger) inikezelwa ngama-welded flanges amancinci amancinci.Kukho ne-nozzles ngaphandle kwee-flanges ezinyukayo, zifakwe nge-welding okanye i-crimping ngokusebenzisa i-clamps yensimbi.
Imilomo enemibhobho yokwandisa inoyilo olunzima ngakumbi.Isiseko soyilo kwakhona ngumbhobho wensimbi, ekupheleni kokukhupha apho kukho i-comensator ye-vibration, enikezela ukuxutywa kwe-vibration yeendawo zenkqubo yokukhupha.Umxhasi udla ngokudityaniswa kumbhobho, le nxalenye ingaba yeentlobo ezimbini:
● I-Bellows - umbhobho we-corrugated (inokuba yinto enye kunye ne-two-layer, ingaba ne-braid yangaphandle nangaphakathi eyenziwe ngamacu ensimbi);
● Umbhobho wesinyithi ngumbhobho wesinyithi ojijekileyo kunye ne-braid yangaphandle (inokuba nayo i-braid yangaphakathi).
Imibhobho enamalungu okwandisa nawo axhotyiswe ngokudibanisa iiflange, kodwa iinketho zokufakela zinokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa i-welding okanye i-tie clamps.
Imibhobho yokungena ingaba necandelo elinqamlezileyo okanye eliguquguqukayo.Imibhobho yokwandisa isetyenziswa rhoqo, apho, ngenxa yecandelo eliguquguqukayo, kukho ukuhla kwesantya sokuhamba kweegesi zokukhupha.Kwakhona, amalungu anokuba neprofayile eyahlukileyo:
● Umbhobho othe ngqo;
● Umbhobho we-angle kunye ne-bend ye-30, i-45 okanye i-90 degrees.
Imibhobho echanekileyo isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo apho ukugoba okuyimfuneko ukuguqula ukuhamba kwegesi kubonelelwa kwi-manifold yokukhupha kunye / okanye kwiipayipi ezilandelayo.Imibhobho ye-engile idla ngokusetyenziswa ukujika ukuhamba kweegesi ngokuthe nkqo ezantsi okanye emacaleni nasemva xa kuthelekiswa nenjini.Ukusetyenziswa kwemibhobho ye-angle kukuvumela ukuba uvelise inkqubo yokukhupha ulungelelwaniso olufunekayo lokubekwa ngokufanelekileyo kwisakhelo okanye phantsi komzimba wemoto.
Umbhobho wokungena onezivunguvungu zokungcangcazelisa umbhobho wokungenisa onombhobho
umhlawuleli ngendlela ye-hose yensimbi ene-braid
Ukufakwa kwemibhobho yokungenisa kuqhutyelwa kwiindawo ezimbini eziphambili zenkqubo yokukhupha:
● Phakathi kombhobho wokukhupha amanzi amaninzi, umbuyiseli kunye nombhobho wokuthatha;
● Phakathi kwe-turbocharger, imbuyekezo kunye nombhobho wokuthatha.
Kwimeko yokuqala, iigesi ezikhuphayo ezivela kumqokeleli zingena kumbhobho, apho ziyakwazi ukujikeleza nge-angle ye-30-90 degrees, kwaye emva koko nge-compensator ye-vibration (i-bellows eyahlukileyo okanye i-hose yensimbi) ifakwe kumbhobho kwi-muffler ( i-catalyst, i-flame arrester, njl.).Kwimeko yesibini, iigesi ezishushu eziphuma kwi-exhaust manifold kuqala zingena kwindawo ye-turbine ye-turbocharger, apho ngokuyinxenye zinikezela amandla azo kwaye kuphela emva koko zikhutshelwa kumbhobho wokuthatha.Esi sikimu sisetyenziswa kwiimoto ezininzi kunye nezinye izixhobo zeemoto ezineenjini ze-turbocharged.
Kwiimeko ezichazwe, umbhobho wokungena udibaniswe ngecala layo lokuphuma kwi-vibration compensator, eyenziwe ngendlela yecandelo elihlukeneyo kunye ne-flanges kunye ne-fasteners.Inkqubo enjalo ayithembeki kangako kwaye ichaphazeleka ngakumbi kwii-vibrations eziyingozi, ngoko ke namhlanje iibhobho ezisetyenziswa kakhulu zidibeneyo zokwandisa.Izikimu zabo zokudibanisa zifana nezo zichazwe ngasentla, kodwa azinayo i-compensers ezizimeleyo kunye ne-fasteners yazo.
Ukufakwa kwemibhobho kuqhutyelwa ngokusebenzisa izikhonkwane okanye iibholiti ezidlula kwiiflange.Ukutywinwa kwamalungu kuqhutyelwa ngokufakela i-gaskets eyenziwe ngezinto ezingenakutsha.
Indlela yokukhetha kunye nokutshintsha umbhobho wokungenisa
Umbhobho wokungena wenkqubo yokukhupha iphantsi kwemithwalo ebalulekileyo ye-thermal kunye ne-mechanical, ngoko ke, ngexesha lokusebenza kwemoto, zezi ndawo zihlala zifuna ukutshintshwa ngenxa yokuguqulwa, ukuqhekeka kunye nokutshisa.Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemibhobho kubonakaliswa kwinqanaba elongeziweyo lengxolo kunye nokungcangcazela kwenkqubo yokukhupha, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ngokulahleka kwamandla enjini kunye nokuwohloka kokusebenza kakuhle kwe-turbocharger (ekubeni indlela yokusebenza yeyunithi iphazamisekile).Imibhobho enokuqhekeka, ukutshisa kunye nokuphazamiseka (kubandakanywa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-compensators ye-vibration edibeneyo) kufuneka itshintshwe.
Ukutshintshwa, kufuneka ukhethe umbhobho wohlobo olufanayo (inombolo yekhathalogu) efakwe ngaphambili.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ungasebenzisa ii-analogues, nje ukuba zihambelana ngokupheleleyo nenxalenye yangaphambili ngokwemilinganiselo yofakelo kunye necandelo elinqamlezayo.Ukuba iipayipi ezihlukeneyo kunye nokwandiswa kwamalungu afakwe kwimoto, ngoko kungcono ukusebenzisa iindawo ezifanayo zokutshintshwa, nangona kunjalo, ukuba kuyimfuneko, zinokuthi zitshintshwe ngemibhobho nge-compensator edibeneyo.Ukutshintshwa kwe-reverse kuyamkeleka, kodwa akunakwenziwa rhoqo, kuba kulo mzekelo kuya kufuneka usebenzise i-fasteners eyongezelelweyo kunye netywina, ekubekweni apho kungabikho ndawo yamahhala.
Ukutshintshwa kombhobho kwenziwa ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokulungiswa kwesithuthi.Ngokuqhelekileyo, lo msebenzi wenziwa ngokulula: kwanele ukukhupha umbhobho (okanye umbuyiseli) kumbhobho, uze ususe umbhobho ngokwawo kwi-manifold / turbocharger.Nangona kunjalo, le misebenzi idla ngokuba nzima ngamantongomane amuncu okanye iibholiti, ekufuneka ziqale zikrazulwe ngoncedo lwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo.Xa ufaka umbhobho omtsha, zonke izinto zokutywinwa ezibonelelweyo (i-gaskets) kufuneka zifakwe kwakhona, ngaphandle koko inkqubo ayiyi kuvalwa.
Ngokukhetha okuchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kombhobho wokungena, inkqubo yokukhupha iya kwenza imisebenzi yayo ngokuthembekileyo kuzo zonke iindlela zokusebenza zeyunithi yamandla.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-14-2023