kuyo nayiphi na i-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi yanamhlanje, izitywina zinikezelwa ukukhusela i-oyile evela kwintloko yesilinda ukuba ingangeni kumagumbi okutsha - iminqwazi ye-oyile yokususa i-oyile.Funda konke malunga nala macandelo, iintlobo zazo, ukuyila kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza, kunye nokukhetha okuchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwee-caps - funda kweli nqaku.
Yintoni i-oyile deflector cap?
Umnqwazi we-oyile yokushenxisa i-oyile (i-oyile yokukrazula i-oyile, isitywini sevalvu, idlala levalvu, i-valve yokuvala i-cuff) yinto yokutywina yendlela yokuhambisa irhasi yenjini yokutsha yangaphakathi enezivalo eziphezulu;Isivalo serabha esifakwe kumkhono wesikhokelo kunye nesiqu sevalvu ukuvumela i-oyile ye-injini ukuba ingene kwigumbi lokutsha.
I-valve ye-valve efumaneka kwintloko ye-cylinder idala ingxaki enkulu: ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ioli ingene kumagumbi okutsha ukusuka phezulu kwentloko.I-oyile ingena kwizikhewu phakathi kweziqu zevalve kunye nemikhono yazo yesikhokelo, kwaye phantse akunakwenzeka ukuphelisa ezi zithuba.Ukucombulula le ngxaki, izinto ezikhethekileyo zokutywina zisetyenzisiweyo - i-oil scraper (i-oil-deflecting) i-caps ebekwe phezulu kwesikhokelo kunye nokuvala i-gap phakathi kwe-valve stem kunye nesikhokelo.
I-oil scraper caps yenza imisebenzi emibini:
● Ukuthintela ukungena kweoli kumagumbi okutsha eesilinda xa iivalve zivuliwe;
● Ukuthintelwa kweegesi zokukhutshwa kwegesi ukusuka kwigumbi lokutsha elingena kwindlela yokuhambisa igesi ehlala entloko.
Ngombulelo kwii-caps, ukubunjwa okufunekayo komxube otshayo kumagumbi okutsha kubonelelwe (ioyile ayingeni kuyo, enokuphazamisa indlela yokutsha yomxube, okukhokelela ekunyuseni komsi kunye nokuncipha kweempawu zamandla enjini. ), inciphisa ukunyanzeliswa kweediphozithi zekhabhoni kwigumbi lokutsha kunye neevalvu (idiphozithi zekhabhoni zingakhokelela ekuhleni koxinzelelo lokuvalwa kwevalvu) kwaye ikhusela ukungcoliseka okukhulu kweoyile ye-injini.Ii-caps eziphosakeleyo, ezigugileyo zizenza zizive ngokukhawuleza, zichaphazela kakubi ukusebenza kwe-injini, ngoko ke kufuneka zitshintshwe ngokukhawuleza.Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uye evenkileni ukuze ufumane izitywina zeoyile yevalve entsha, kufuneka uqonde iintlobo zazo ezikhoyo, uyilo kunye neempawu.
Uyilo lwe-oil scraper cap
Iintlobo kunye noyilo lwe-oyile deflector caps
Zonke izitywina zevalve yedlala ezisetyenziswa kwiinjini zanamhlanje zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini ngokoyilo kunye nendlela yofakelo:
● Iminqwazi yecuff;
● Iminqwazi yeflange.
Amacandelo eendidi zombini anoyilo olufanayo, ahluke kuphela kwinkcukacha enye kunye nofakelo lofakelo.
ukufakwa kohlobo lwe-cuff ye-oyile ye-scraper cap
Uyilo lwe-cap yohlobo lomlebe lusekelwe kwi-sleeve yerabha yobubanzi obuguquguqukayo, inxalenye yayo engezantsi yenziwe ukuba ihambelane nobubanzi bomkhono we-valve yesikhokelo, kwaye inxalenye ephezulu inobubanzi be-valve stem.I-cap yenziwe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zerabha ezixhathisayo kwimithwalo ephezulu ye-thermal kunye ne-mechanical, edla ngokuba yi-fluororubber.Umgangatho wangaphakathi we-cap - umphezulu we-fit kwi-guide-i-corrugated ukuze uqinisekise ukudibanisa okugqwesileyo kunye ne-snug fit.Umphezulu we-valve stem ngokuqhelekileyo usenziwa ngendlela yokusebenza kunye nee-bevels ezibonelela ngokukhutshwa okungcono kweoli kwi-stem xa i-valve ihambela ezantsi.
Kwindawo yangaphandle ye-cap kukho into yokuqinisa - indandatho yentsimbi, eqinisekisa ukuba lula ukusebenza xa ufaka uphawu lweoli kunye nokufaneleka kwayo okuthembekileyo ngexesha lokusebenza kweenjini.Kwindawo ephezulu (kwindawo yokubambelela kwintonga yevalve) kwi-cap kukho i-coil spring ehlanganiswe kwindandatho - inika uqhagamshelwano oluqinileyo lwamacandelo, ukuthintela ukungena kweoli kunye nokuphumelela kweegesi zokucima ukusuka kwigumbi lokutshisa. .
Ngokwesakhiwo, i-caps flanged ifana ne-lip caps, ngaphandle kwengcaciso enye: kula matywina oyile, intsimbi yokuqinisa intsimbi inobude obuninzi, kwaye inxalenye engezantsi idlulela kwi-flange flat yobubanzi obukhulu kune-cap ngokwayo. .Xa ufaka i-cap enjalo, i-valve spring ixhomekeke kwi-flange yayo, iqinisekisa ukugcinwa okukhuselekileyo kwesitywina.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba namhlanje kukho i-oyile deflector caps yoyilo oludibeneyo.Inxalenye yabo engezantsi yenziwe ngerabha edibeneyo kunye ne-heat-resistant-resistant, kwaye inxalenye ephezulu yenziwe ngerabha e-elastic, efikelela ukuchasana okuphezulu kwenxalenye kwimithwalo eyahlukeneyo.Ukudityaniswa kwamacandelo kuqhutyelwa ngendandatho yensimbi yesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngokwenjongo yabo, i-oil scraper caps zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini:
● Yeevalvu zokungena;
● Kwiivalvu zokukhupha umoya.
Ekubeni i-valve yokungena kunye ne-exhaust ineemitha ezahlukeneyo kwi-injini enye, izitywina ezihambelanayo nazo zifakwe kuzo.Ukuchongwa okuthembekileyo kunye nofakelo oluchanekileyo lwe-valve yokungena kunye nokukhupha i-valve caps, banemibala eyahlukileyo.
Ukufakwa kwe-flange-type oil scraper cap
Njengoko sele kubonisiwe, i-oyile deflector caps ifakwe ngokuthe ngqo kwimikhono yesikhokelo se-valve kwaye igubungele iziqu ze-valve ngendawo yazo ephezulu.Ioli ehamba phantsi kwe-valve stems imisiwe ngumphetho osebenzayo phezulu kwe-cap, ekhusela ukuba ingangeni kwigumbi lokutshisa.Ngendlela efanayo, iigesi zokukhupha zigcinwe kwicala elingasemva (eliququzelelwa yi-ring spring).Ukuqina komphetho osebenzayo kwisiqu se-valve kuqinisekiswa yi-elasticity ye-rubber kunye nendandatho eyongezelelweyo yasentwasahlobo.Inani le-oil scraper caps kwi-injini lihambelana nenani leevalve ezifakwe kuyo.
Indlela yokukhetha kunye nokutshintsha i-oyile deflector caps ngokuchanekileyo
I-oil scraper caps ngamalungu atshintshiweyo ekufuneka atshintshwe amatsha njengoko eguga.Kwiinjini ezahlukeneyo, amagama ahlukeneyo amiselwe ukutshintshwa kwesiqhelo kwee-caps - ukusuka kwi-50 ukuya kwi-150,000 km.Nangona kunjalo, amatywina ahlala eguga ngaphambi kwexesha, imfuneko yokutshintsha indawo yawo ibonakaliswa ngokunyuka komsi wokuphuma, ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kweoyile, kunye neenjini zepetroli - zikwatshiza amakhandlela ngeoyile.Oku kuphakamisa ukuba imida yokusebenza yee-caps sele ilahlekelwe yi-elasticity kwaye ayihambelani ngokufanelekileyo kwi-valve stem, okanye ii-caps zivele ziqhekeke, ziphazamiseke okanye zitshatyalaliswe.
I-Flanged oil scraper caps
Ukutshintshwa, kuyimfuneko ukuthatha i-oil scraper caps efanayo efakwe kwi-injini ngaphambili.Kwezinye iimeko, ezinye izitywina zeoli zingasetyenziselwa, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba zihambelane ngokupheleleyo nemilinganiselo yofakelo lwangaphambili kunye nezinto zokwenziwa (ingakumbi ngokubhekiselele ekuchaseni ukushisa), ngaphandle koko ii-caps aziyi kuwela kwindawo kwaye aziyi kubonelela. ukutywinwa okuqhelekileyo.
Ukutshintshwa kwe-oyile deflector caps kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokulungiswa nokugcinwa kwemoto.Ngokuqhelekileyo, le nkqubo iphelela koku kulandelayo:
1.Dibanisa isigqubuthelo sentloko yesilinda;
2.Ukuba kuyimfuneko, qhaqha ii-camshafts, iingalo ze-rocker kunye nezinye iindawo ze-timing drive eziza kuphazamisa umsebenzi;
3.Jika i-crankshaft ye-injini ukwenzela ukuba ipiston, kwiivalve apho i-caps iya kutshintsha, ime kwindawo ephezulu efile (TDC);
4.Ukomisa iivalve ngumsebenzi ohlukeneyo owenziwe ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yayo.Ukomisa, kuyimfuneko ukuba ube nesixhobo esikhethekileyo sokucinezela imithombo ye-valve, imagnethi yokukhupha i-crackers iya kuba luncedo;
5.Emva kokususa imithombo, qhawula (cofa) i-cap - kungcono ukusebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo kunye ne-collet grip, kodwa ungasebenzisa nje iipliers okanye i-screwdrivers ezimbini, kodwa apha kubalulekile ukuba ungonakalisi i-valve stem;
6.Thatha i-cap entsha, gcoba indawo yayo yangaphakathi ngeoli kwaye uyicinezele kwi-sleeve usebenzisa i-mandrel ekhethekileyo.Unokuqala ukususa intwasahlobo kwi-cap kwaye uyibeke.Kunzima kakhulu ukufaka ikepusi ngaphandle kwe-mandrel kwaye phantse njalo oku kukhokelela kumonakalo kwinxalenye;
7.Yenza imisebenzi echaziweyo kuzo zonke ii-caps kwaye udibanise kwakhona.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokutshintsha i-oyile deflector caps - i-inertial puller kunye ne-mandrel yokucinezela.Ngaphandle koko, kukho umngcipheko omkhulu wokonakalisa wonke umsebenzi kunye nokuchitha imali eyongezelelweyo.Emva kokutshintshwa, ii-caps azifuni ukunakekelwa okukhethekileyo, ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukubeka ingqalelo kwimeko yabo ngokwezinto ezikhethekileyo zenjini.
Ngokukhetha okufanelekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwee-oil scraper caps, ioli kwintloko ye-cylinder ayiyi kubangela iingxaki, kwaye ukusebenza kwe-injini kuya kuhlangabezana nemigangatho.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-26-2023