Kuyo nayiphi na isithuthi kukho iinkqubo kunye neendibano ezifuna ulawulo lwegesi okanye uxinzelelo lwamanzi - amavili, inkqubo yeoli ye-injini, inkqubo ye-hydraulic kunye nabanye.Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo kwezi nkqubo, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zenzelwe - ii-gauges zoxinzelelo, iintlobo kunye nezicelo ezichazwe kwinqaku.
Yintoni igeyiji yoxinzelelo
Igeyiji yoxinzelelo lwemoto (ukusuka kwisiGrike "manos" - loose, kunye ne "metreo" - ukulinganisa) sisixhobo sokulinganisa uxinzelelo lweegesi kunye nolwelo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kunye neeyunithi zezithuthi.
Ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kunye nokukhuselekileyo kweemoto, iibhasi, iitrektara kunye nezinye izixhobo, kuyimfuneko ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegesi kunye nolwelo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo - umoya kumatayara, amavili kunye neenkqubo zomoya, ioli kwi-injini kunye ne-hydraulic system, kunye nabanye. .Ukusombulula le ngxaki, kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo - iigauges zoxinzelelo.Ngokutsho kokufundwa komlinganiselo woxinzelelo, umqhubi ugweba ukusebenza kwezi nkqubo, ukulungelelanisa iindlela zabo zokusebenza okanye ukugqiba ukulungiswa.
Ukulinganisa uxinzelelo oluchanekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-gauge yoxinzelelo kunye neempawu ezifanelekileyo.Kwaye ukuze wenze ukhetho lwesixhobo esinjalo, kufuneka uqonde iintlobo zabo ezikhoyo kunye neempawu.
Iintlobo kunye noyilo lweegeji zoxinzelelo
Iintlobo ezimbini zezixhobo zokulinganisa uxinzelelo zisetyenziswa kwiimoto:
● Iigeyiji zoxinzelelo;
● Iigeyiji zoxinzelelo.
Iigeyiji zoxinzelelo zizixhobo ezinento eyakhelweyo yokuva enxibelelana nesiphakathi esifuna ukulinganiswa uxinzelelo.Kwiimoto, iigeyiji zoxinzelelo lwe-pneumatic zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lomoya kumavili amavili kunye nenkqubo ye-pneumatic, kunye nokuvavanya ukunyanzeliswa kweesilinda ze-injini.Iigeyiji zoxinzelelo lweoyile zisetyenziswa kancinci rhoqo, zinokufumaneka kwisixhobo esinenkqubo ephuhlisiwe ye-hydraulic.
Iigeyiji zoxinzelelo zizixhobo apho into yokuvalelwa yenziwe ngendlela yenzwa ekude.Uxinzelelo lulinganiswa ngesivamvo esiguqula ubungakanani bemishini ibe ngumbane.Umqondiso wombane ofunyenwe ngale ndlela uthunyelwa kwi-gauge yoxinzelelo lwesalathisi okanye uhlobo lwedijithali.Imilinganiselo yoxinzelelo ingaba yioli kunye ne-pneumatic.
Zonke izixhobo zahlulwe ngamaqela amabini ngokwendlela yokulinganisa kunye nokubonisa ulwazi:
● Izalathisi zoomatshini;
● Idijithali ye-elektroniki.
Igeyiji yoxinzelelo lwetayara koomatshini
Ijeyiji yoxinzelelo lwetayara yombane
Zombini ezi ntlobo zegeyiji zoxinzelelo zinesixhobo esifana nqwa.Isiseko sesixhobo yinto enovakalelo edibana nephakathi kwaye ibona uxinzelelo lwayo.I-transducer inxulunyaniswa nento yokuva-isixhobo esiguqula ubungakanani obunye bomatshini (uxinzelelo oluphakathi) lube kolunye ubungakanani bomatshini (ukujika kotolo) okanye kumqondiso we-elektroniki.Isixhobo sokubonisa siqhagamshelwe kwisiguquli - utolo olunodayalo okanye umboniso weLCD.Zonke ezi zixhobo zifakwe kwizindlu, apho iindawo ezifanelekileyo kunye nezincedisi (amaqhosha okanye iilevers zokunciphisa uxinzelelo, izibambo, iindandatho zetsimbi kunye nabanye).
Kuthutho lweemoto, zimbini iintlobo ze-deformation-type gauge mechanical pressure gauges (spring) zisetyenzisiwe - zisekwe kwi-tubular (Bourdon tube) kunye ne-box-shaped (bellows) springs.
Isiseko sesixhobo sohlobo lokuqala yityhubhu yesinyithi etywiniweyo ngendlela yentsimbi yesiqingatha (i-arc), enye isiphelo sayo sigxininiswe ngokungqongqo kwimeko, kwaye okwesibini ikhululekile, idibaniswe nomguquli (ukudluliselwa. isixhobo).I-transducer yenziwe ngendlela yenkqubo ye-levers kunye nemithombo exhunyiwe kwi-arrow.I-tube ixhunyiwe kwi-fitting edibeneyo kwinkqubo yokulinganisa iingcinezelo kuyo.Njengoko uxinzelelo lukhula, ityhubhu idla ngokuthe ngqo, i-edge yayo yamahhala iphakama kwaye idonsa i-levers ye-transmission mechanism, leyo, iphinde ijike utolo.Isikhundla sotolo sihambelana nomthamo woxinzelelo kwinkqubo.Xa uxinzelelo luyancipha, ityhubhu ibuyela kwindawo yayo yokuqala ngenxa ye-elasticity yayo.
Isiseko sesixhobo sohlobo lwesibini yibhokisi yentsimbi edibeneyo (i-bellows) ye-cylindrical shape - eneneni, ezi zimbini ze-membrane ezijikelezayo ezidibeneyo ezidityaniswe ngebhanti elincinci.Embindini wesiseko esinye sebhokisi kukho ityhubhu yokubonelela ephela ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye iziko lesiseko sesibini lidibaniswe yi-lever yendlela yokuhambisa.Njengoko uxinzelelo lukhula, i-diaphragms iyahlukana komnye nomnye, oku kufuduswa kulungiswe ngumatshini wokuhambisa kwaye kuboniswa ngokuhambisa utolo ecaleni kocingo.Xa uxinzelelo luyancipha, iimbumba, ngenxa ye-elasticity yazo, zitshintshe kwakhona kwaye zithathe indawo yazo yokuqala.
Isixhobo sokulinganisa uxinzelelo kunye nentwasahlobo ye-tubular
(Ityhubhu yeBourdon)
Isixhobo sokulinganisa uxinzelelo kunye nebhokisi lebhokisi
(igumbi)
Iigeyiji zoxinzelelo lwe-elektroniki zinokuxhotyiswa ngezinto zokuvalelwa kohlobo lwasentwasahlobo, kodwa namhlanje izinzwa ezikhethekileyo zoxinzelelo oluxineneyo zisetyenziswa rhoqo eziguqula uxinzelelo lwerhasi okanye ulwelo lube ngumqondiso wombane.Lo mqondiso uguqulwa yisekethe ekhethekileyo kwaye iboniswe kwisalathisi sedijithali.
Ukusebenza, iimpawu kunye nokusetyenziswa kweegeji zoxinzelelo
Iigeyiji zoxinzelelo ezilungiselelwe izixhobo zeemoto zinokuhlulwa zibe ziindidi ezininzi ngokwenjongo yazo:
● Amatayara aphathwayo nangasebenziyo - okulinganisa uxinzelelo lomoya kumatayara;
● I-pneumatic ephathekayo ukujonga ukuxinzelelwa kwiisilinda ze-injini;
● I-pneumatic stationary yokulinganisa uxinzelelo kwiinkqubo zomoya;
● I-oyile yokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-oyile enjinini.
Ngokuxhomekeke ekusebenziseni imilinganiselo yoxinzelelo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokufakelwa kunye noyilo lwezindlu zisetyenziswa.Izixhobo eziphathwayo zikholisa ukuba nezindlu ezikwaziyo ukumelana nempembelelo kunye nezifakelo ezingenamisonto (ezincanyathiselweyo), ezithi, ukuqinisekisa ukuqina, zicinezelwe ngokuqinileyo kwivalve yevili, intloko yenjini, njalo njalo. iigeji zoxinzelelo kunye neegeji zoxinzelelo, izibane ze-backlight kunye nezihlanganisi zokudibanisa kwazo nazo zinokufumaneka.
Izixhobo zinokuba nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo encedisayo:
● Ubukho betyhubhu yensimbi yokwandisa okanye i-hose eguquguqukayo;
● Ubukho bevalve yokulungisa umphumo wokulinganisa (ngokuhambelanayo, kukho kwakhona iqhosha lokunciphisa uxinzelelo kunye ne-zeroing isixhobo phambi komlinganiselo omtsha);
● Ubukho be-deflators - i-valve ehlengahlengiswayo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo olulawulwayo kunye nokulawulwa kwangaxeshanye nge-gauge yoxinzelelo;
● Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo ezongezelelweyo zezixhobo zombane - i-backlight, isalathisi sesandi kunye nabanye.
Ngokubhekiselele kwiimpawu, ezimbini zazo zibalulekile kwiigeyiji zoxinzelelo lweemoto - uxinzelelo lokugqibela (uluhlu lweengcinezelo ezilinganisiweyo) kunye neklasi yokuchaneka.
Uxinzelelo lulinganiswa nge-kilogram-forces nge-square centimeter (kgf/cm²), i-atmospheres (1 atm = 1 kgf/cm²), imivalo (1 bar = 1.0197 atm.) kunye ne-pound-forces nganye square intshi (psi, 1 psi = 0.07 atm.).Kwi-dial of the gauge ye-pressure gauge, iyunithi yokulinganisa kufuneka iboniswe, kwezinye iigeyiji zoxinzelelo lwesalathisi kukho izikali ezimbini okanye ezintathu ngexesha elinye, zilinganiswe kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa.Kwiigeyiji zoxinzelelo lwe-elektroniki, ungafumana umsebenzi wokutshintsha iyunithi yomlinganiselo oboniswe kwisibonisi.
Igeyiji yoxinzelelo ene-deflator
Iklasi yokuchaneka imisela impazamo eyenziwa yi-gauge yoxinzelelo ngexesha lokulinganisa.Iklasi yokuchaneka kwesixhobo ihambelana nobukhulu obunye ukusuka kuluhlu lwe-0.4, 0.6, 1.0, 1.5, 2.5 kunye ne-4.0, inani elincinci, liphezulu ukuchaneka.La manani abonisa eyona mpazamo inkulu njengepesenti yoluhlu lokulinganisa lwesixhobo.Ngokomzekelo, i-gauge yoxinzelelo lwetayara kunye nomda wokulinganisa we-atmospheres ye-6 kunye neklasi yokuchaneka kwe-0.5 "inokukhohlisa" kuphela i-atmospheres ye-0.03, kodwa i-gauge efanayo yoxinzelelo lweklasi yokuchaneka kwe-2.5 iya kunika impazamo ye-0.15 atmospheres.Iklasi yokuchaneka idla ngokuboniswa kwifowuni yefowuni, le nombolo inokwandulelwa ngoonobumba KL okanye CL.Iiklasi zokuchaneka kwemilinganiselo yoxinzelelo kufuneka zihambelane neGOST 2405-88.
Indlela yokukhetha nokusebenzisa igeyiji yoxinzelelo
Xa kuthengwa i-gauge yoxinzelelo, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela uhlobo lwayo kunye neempawu zokusebenza.Indlela elula kukukhetha i-gauge yoxinzelelo eyakhiwe kwideshibhodi yemoto - kulo mzekelo, kufuneka usebenzise isixhobo sohlobo kunye nemodeli ekhuthazwa ngumenzi wemoto.Ukukhethwa kweegeji zoxinzelelo olumileyo kwiinkqubo ze-hydraulic kunye ne-pneumatic nazo zilula - kufuneka usebenzise isixhobo esinohlobo olufanelekileyo lokulinganisa kunye noluhlu lokulinganisa uxinzelelo.
Ukhetho lweegeji zoxinzelelo lwetayara lubanzi kakhulu kwaye luhluke kakhulu.Kwiimoto zabahambi, isixhobo esinomda wokulinganisa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5atmospheres sanele (ekubeni uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwetayara luyi-2-2.2 atm., Kwaye "kwi-stowaways" - ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4.2-4.3 atm.), kwiilori, a isixhobo esisi-7 okanye kwane-11 emoyeni sisenokufuneka.Ukuba kaninzi kufuneka utshintshe uxinzelelo lwetayara, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-gauge yoxinzelelo kunye ne-deflator.Kwaye ukulinganisa uxinzelelo kwiilori ze-gable, isixhobo esine-tube yokwandisa okanye i-hose iya kuba sisisombululo esihle kakhulu.
Imilinganiselo enemilinganiselo yoxinzelelo kufuneka iqhutywe ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo eqhotyoshelwe kuyo.Xa ulinganisa, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba isifakelo sesixhobo sicinezelwe ngokukhuselekileyo ngokuchasene nesilinganisi okanye umngxuma, kungenjalo ukuchaneka kokufunda kunokonakala ngenxa yokuvuza komoya.Ukufakwa kweegeji zoxinzelelo olumileyo kuvunyelwe kuphela emva kokukhutshwa koxinzelelo kwinkqubo.Ngokukhetha okufanelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa komlinganiselo woxinzelelo, umqhubi uya kuhlala enolwazi malunga noxinzelelo lomoya kunye neoli, kwaye uya kukwazi ukuthatha amanyathelo okulungisa iingxaki ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-12-2023