Kuzo zonke izithuthi zanamhlanje kukho inethiwekhi yombane ephuhlisiwe, i-voltage apho iqiniswe yiyunithi ekhethekileyo - i-relay-regulator.Funda konke malunga ne-relay-regulators, iintlobo zabo ezikhoyo, ukuyila kunye nokusebenza, kunye nokukhetha kunye nokutshintshwa kwezi nxalenye kwinqaku.
Yintoni i-voltage regulator relay?
I-voltage regulator relay (i-voltage regulator) yinxalenye yenkqubo yombane yesithuthi;Isixhobo somatshini, i-electromechanical okanye i-electronic device ebonelela ngenkxaso yombane osebenza kwi-on-board power supply ngaphakathi kwemida ethile.
Inkqubo yombane yezithuthi yakhiwe ngendlela yokuba xa iyunithi yamandla imisiwe, ibhetri (ibhetri) isebenze njengomthombo wamandla, kwaye xa iqalisiwe, i-generator iguqule inxalenye yamandla e-injini ibe ngumbane.Nangona kunjalo, i-generator ine-drawback ephawulekayo - i-voltage yangoku eyenziwa yiyo ixhomekeke kwisantya se-crankshaft, kunye nesantya esisetyenziswe ngumthwalo kunye nobushushu be-ambient.Ukuphelisa le ngxaki, isixhobo esincedisayo sisetyenziswa - i-relay-regulator okanye i-voltage regulator nje.
I-voltage regulator isombulula iingxaki ezininzi:
● Ukuzinzisa i-voltage - ukugcina i-voltage yenethiwekhi yebhodi ngaphakathi kwemida echaziweyo (ngaphakathi kwe-12-14 okanye i-24-28 volts kunye nokuphambuka okuvumelekileyo);
● Ukukhuselwa kwebhetri ekukhutshweni kwiisekethe zejenereyitha xa injini imisiwe;
● Iindidi ezithile zabalawuli - ukuvala ngokuzenzekelayo komqalisi xa injini iqaliswa ngempumelelo;
● Iintlobo ezithile zabalawuli - uqhagamshelo oluzenzekelayo kunye nokuqhawulwa kwejenereyitha kwibhetri ukuyitshaja;
● Iindidi ezithile zabalawuli - ukutshintsha amandla ombane wothungelwano lwebhodi ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko zemozulu zangoku (ukudluliselwa kwenkqubo yombane ukuya ehlotyeni nasebusika).
Zonke izithuthi, iitrektara kunye noomatshini abahlukeneyo baxhotyiswe nge-relay-regulators.Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwale yunithi kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwayo yonke inkqubo yombane, kwezinye iimeko oku kunokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwezixhobo zombane kunye nomlilo.Ngoko ke, umlawuli ophosakeleyo kufuneka atshintshwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwenxalenye entsha, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda iintlobo ezikhoyo, ukuyila kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kwabalawuli.
Iintlobo, uyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kwe-relay-regulator
Namhlanje, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-relay-regulators, kodwa umsebenzi wabo usekelwe kwimigaqo efanayo.Nawuphi na umlawuli uqulethe izinto ezintathu ezinxulumeneyo:
- Umlinganiselo (obuthathaka);
- Uthelekiso (ulawulo) element;
- Isiqalelo solawulo.
Umlawuli uqhagamshelwe kwi-wind winding ye-generator (OVG), ukulinganisa kunye nokutshintsha amandla akhoyo kuwo - oku kuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-voltage.Ngokubanzi, le nkqubo isebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.Into yokulinganisa, eyakhiwe ngesiseko se-voltage divider, ibeka iliso rhoqo amandla akhoyo kwi-OVG kwaye iyiguqule ibe ngumqondiso oza kuthelekiso (ulawulo) element.Apha, umqondiso uthelekiswa nomgangatho - ixabiso lombane eliqhelekileyo kufuneka lisebenze kwinkqubo yombane yemoto.Isalathiso sesalathiso sinokwakhiwa ngesiseko se-vibration relays kunye ne-zener diodes.Ukuba isignali evela kwinto yokulinganisa ihambelana nereferensi (ngokuphambuka okuvumelekileyo), ngoko umlawuli akasebenzi.Ukuba isignali engenayo ihluke kwisalathiso sokubhekisela kwelinye icala okanye kwelinye, ngoko into yokuthelekisa ivelisa uphawu lokulawula oluza kwinto elawulayo eyakhiwe kwi-relays, transistors okanye ezinye izinto.Into elawulayo itshintsha i-current kwi-OVG, efezekisa ukubuyiswa kwe-voltage kwi-output ye-generator kwimida efunekayo.
Umzobo webhloko ye-Voltage regulator
Njengoko sele kubonisiwe, iiyunithi zokulawula zakhiwe kwisiseko sezinto ezahlukeneyo, ngokwesi siseko izixhobo zahlulwe zaba ziindidi ezininzi:
● Ukungcangcazela;
● Qhagamshelana-transistor;
● I-Electronic transistor (engaqhagamshelwanga);
● I-Integral (i-transistor, eyenziwe ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji edibeneyo).
Umzobo we-vibration relay-regulator
Ngokwembali, izixhobo zokungcangcazela zezokuqala ukuvela, ezo, enyanisweni, zibizwa ngokuba ngabalawuli be-relay.Kwisixhobo esinjalo, zontathu iiyunithi zinokudityaniswa kuyilo olunye-i-relay ye-electromagnetic kunye nabafowunelwa abaqhelekileyo abavaliweyo, nangona into yokulinganisa inokwenziwa ngendlela yesahluli kwizichasi.Amandla oxinzelelo lwentwasahlobo yokubuyisela asebenza njengexabiso lereferensi kwi-relay.Ngokubanzi, i-relay-regulator isebenza ngokulula.Ngombane ophantsi kwi-OVG okanye i-voltage ephantsi ekuphumeni kwejeneretha (kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokudibanisa umlawuli), i-relay ayisebenzi kwaye ikhoyo ngoku ihamba ngokukhululekileyo ngokusebenzisa oonxibelelwano abavaliweyo - oku kukhokelela ekunyuseni kwamandla.Xa i-voltage iphakama, i-relay iqhutywe, i-voltage kwi-circuit yehla kwaye i-relay ikhululwe, i-voltage iphinda iphakame kwaye i-relay iphinda iqhutywe kwakhona - yile ndlela i-relay itshintshela ngayo kwimodi ye-oscillation.Xa i-voltage kwi-generator itshintsha kwicala elinye okanye kwelinye, i-oscillation frequency ye-relay iyatshintsha, eqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-voltage.
Okwangoku, i-vibration relays, enokusebenza okuphantsi kunye nokunyaniseka okunganelanga, ayisasetyenziswa kwizithuthi.Ngesinye isikhathi, zaye zatshintshwa ngabalawuli be-contact-transistor, apho i-vibration relay isetyenziswe njengento yokuthelekisa / yokulawula, kunye ne-transistor esebenza kwimodi ephambili isetyenziswe njengento yokulawula.Apha, i-transistor idlala indima yabafowunelwa be-relay, ngoko ke, ngokubanzi, ukusebenza komlawuli onjalo kufana nokuchazwe ngasentla.Namhlanje, abalawuli bolu hlobo bathatyathelwa indawo ziitransistors ezingaqhagamshelwanga zoyilo olwahlukeneyo.
Kwi-contactless transistor regulators, i-relay ithathelwa indawo yisixhobo esilula se-semiconductor - i-zener diode.I-voltage ye-zener diode stabilization isetyenziswe njengexabiso lokubhekisela, kwaye into yokulawula yakhiwe ngesiseko se-transistors.Kwi-voltage ephantsi, i-zener diode kunye ne-transistors zikwimeko enokuthi ubuninzi bangoku bunikezelwa kwi-OVG, ekhokelela ekunyuseni kwamandla.Xa inqanaba lombane elifunekayo lifikelelwe, i-zener diode kunye ne-transistors itshintshela kwelinye ilizwe kwaye iqale ukusebenza kwimodi ye-oscillatory, ethi, njengokuba kwimeko ye-relay eqhelekileyo, ibonelela ngokuzinza kombane.
Izilawuli ze-elektroniki zanamhlanje zakhiwe kwii-transistors kwaye zinokuba nemodyuli yobubanzi be-pulse-width (PWM), apho i-frequency switching yesekethe iseti kwaye isixhobo sinokungeniswa kwinkqubo yolawulo lweemoto ngokubanzi.
I-non-contact transistor regulators inokwenziwa kwizinto ezicacileyo kunye neteknoloji edibeneyo.Kwimeko yokuqala, iinqununu ze-elektroniki eziqhelekileyo (i-zener diodes, i-transistors, i-resistors, njl.) zisetyenzisiwe, kwimeko yesibini, iyunithi yonke ihlanganiswe kwi-chip eyodwa okanye i-compact block of compact radio components ezaliswe yi-compound.
Uyilo oluqwalaselweyo lunolawulo olulula lwe-relay-regulators, enyanisweni, izixhobo ezintsonkothileyo ezineeyunithi ezincedisayo ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziswa - ulawulo lokuqalisa, ukuthintela ukukhutshwa kwebhetri ngokujikeleza kwentsimi, ukulungisa indlela yokusebenza ngokuxhomekeke kubushushu, ukhuseleko lwesekethe, ukuzixilonga kunye nabanye. .Kwizilawuli ezininzi zokuhanjiswa kweetrektara kunye neelori, ukulungelelaniswa kwesandla sombane wokuzinza kuyaphunyezwa.Olu lungelelaniso lwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-resistor eguquguqukayo (kwizixhobo zokungcangcazela - usebenzisa i-spring) ngokusebenzisa i-lever okanye isibambo esibekwe ngaphandle kwendlu.
Abalawuli benziwe ngendlela yeebhloko ezincinci ezifakwe ngqo kwi-generator okanye kwindawo efanelekileyo kwisithuthi.Isixhobo sinokudibaniswa ne-OVG kunye / okanye imveliso yejeneretha, okanye kwicandelo lonikezelo lwamandla ebhodini apho kufuneka i-voltage ezinzile.Kule meko, enye i-terminal ye-OVG kufuneka iqhagamshelwe kwi-"+" okanye "-" kwi-board power supply.
I-Voltage regulator relays yokufakelwa ngaphandle kwejenereyitha
Imiba yokhetho, ukuxilongwa kunye nokutshintshwa kweelayiti zokulawula amandla ombane
Ukusetyenziswa kakubi okuhlukeneyo kunokwenzeka kwi-relay-regulators, apho kwiimeko ezininzi kubonakaliswa ukungabikho kwebhetri yentlawulo yangoku kwaye, ngokuchaseneyo, ngokugqithiswa ngokugqithisileyo kwebhetri.Itshekhi elula yomlawuli inokuqhutywa ngokusebenzisa i-voltmeter - qalisa nje injini kwaye uyivumele ukuba iqhube kwi-frequency ye-10-15 rpm kunye nezibane zentloko kwi-2500-3000 imizuzu.Emva koko, ngaphandle kokunciphisa isantya kwaye ngaphandle kokucima izibane, linganisa i-voltage kwii-terminals zebhetri - kufuneka ibe yi-14.1-14.3 volts (i-24-volt kabini phezulu).Ukuba i-voltage iphantsi kakhulu okanye iphezulu, ke eli lithuba lokujonga i-generator, kwaye ukuba ilungile, buyisela umlawuli.
I-relay-regulator yohlobo olufanayo kunye nemodeli efakwe ngaphambili kufuneka ithathwe ukutshintshwa.Kuyimfuneko ngokukodwa ukuba ubeke ingqalelo kumyalelo wokudibanisa umlawuli kwinethiwekhi yebhodi (apho i-terminals ye-generator kunye nezinye izinto), kunye nombane wokubonelela kunye nemisinga.Ukutshintshwa kwenxalenye kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokwemiyalelo, umsebenzi unokwenziwa kuphela xa injini imisiwe kwaye i-terminal isuswe kwibhetri.Ukuba zonke iingcebiso zilandelwa, kwaye umlawuli ukhethwe ngokuchanekileyo, ngoko uya kuqala ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo yombane.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-13-2023