Yonke imoto yanamhlanje inesiqalisi sombane esibonelela ngesiqalo seyunithi yamandla.Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yesiqalo yiseti yeebhulashi ezibonelela ngoku umbane kwi-armature.Funda malunga neebrashi zokuqalisa, injongo yazo kunye noyilo, kunye nokuxilonga kunye nokutshintshwa kwinqaku elinikiweyo.
Injongo kunye nendima yeebrashi kwi-starter yombane
Kwiimoto ezininzi zanamhlanje ezixhotyiswe ngeenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi, umsebenzi wokuqalisa iyunithi yamandla uxazululwa ngokusebenzisa umqalisi wombane.Kwisiqingatha senkulungwane edlulileyo, abaqalisi abazange batshintshe kakhulu: isiseko soyilo yi-compact kunye ne-DC yemoto yombane elula, eyongezwa nge-relay kunye ne-drive mechanism.Injini yokuqalisa iquka izinto ezintathu eziphambili:
- Ukuhlanganiswa komzimba kunye ne-stator;
-Anchor;
- Ukudityaniswa kwebrashi.
I-stator yinxalenye esisigxina yemoto yombane.Ezona zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zi-stators ze-electromagnetic, apho i-magnetic field idalwe yi-winding field.Kodwa unokufumana iziqalo ezinesitayile esekwe kwiimagnethi eziqhelekileyo ezisisigxina.I-armature yindawo ehambayo yemoto yombane, iqulethe i-windings (kunye neengcebiso zeepali), indibano yomqokeleli kunye neengxenye zokuqhuba (iigiya).Ukujikeleza kwe-armature kubonelelwa ngokusebenzisana kwemimandla yamagnetic eyenziwe malunga ne-armature kunye ne-stator windings xa umbane wombane usetyenziswa kubo.
Indibano yebrashi yindibano yemoto yombane ebonelela ngokutyibilika konxibelelwano ngesixhobo esishukumayo.Udibaniso lwebrashi lunamacandelo amaninzi aphambili - iibrashi kunye nesibambi sebrashi esibambe iibrashi kwindawo yokusebenza.Iibhrashi zixinzelelwe kwindibano yomqokeleli wezixhobo (iquka inani leepleyiti zobhedu ezizii-contacts ze-armature windings), eziqinisekisa ukubonelelwa ngokuqhubekayo kwangoku kwi-armature windings ngexesha lokujikeleza kwayo.
Iibrashi zokuqalisa zibalulekile kwaye ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ekufuneka ichazwe ngokubanzi.
Iintlobo kunye noyilo lweeblades zokuqalisa
Ngokwesakhiwo, zonke iibrashi zokuqalisa ziyafana.Ibrashi eqhelekileyo inamalungu amabini aphambili:
- Ibhrashi ebunjiwe kwisixhobo esithambileyo sokuqhuba;
- Umqhubi we-Flexible (kunye okanye ngaphandle kwe-terminal) ukubonelela ngoku.
Ibrashi yi-parallelepiped ebunjiweyo evela kwizinto ezikhethekileyo zokuqhuba ngokusekelwe kwigraphite.Okwangoku, iibrashi zokuqala zenziwe ngezinto ezimbini eziphambili:
-I-Electrographite (EG) okanye igraphite eyenziweyo.Izinto eziphathekayo ezifunyenwe ngokucinezela kunye nokutshisa kwi-coke okanye ezinye izinto zokuqhuba ezisekelwe kwi-carbon kunye ne-hydrocarbon binder;
- Iimbumba ezisekelwe kwigraphite kunye nomgubo wesinyithi.Iibrashi ze-copper-graphite ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zicinezelwe ukusuka kwi-graphite kunye ne-copper powder.
Eyona isetyenziswa kakhulu iibhrashi zethusi-graphite.Ngenxa yokufakwa kobhedu, iibrashi ezinjalo zinokuchasana okuncinci kombane kwaye ziyakwazi ukumelana nokugqoka.Iibhrashi ezinjalo zinemiqobo emininzi, eyona nto iphambili kukunyuka kwe-abrasive effect, ekhokelela ekwandeni kokunxiba kwe-armature manifold.Nangona kunjalo, umjikelo wokusebenza we-starter udla ngokufutshane (ukusuka kumashumi ambalwa emizuzwana ukuya kwimizuzu emininzi ngosuku), ngoko ke ukunxiba kwe-manifold kucotha.
I-conductor enye okanye ezimbini eziguquguqukayo zecandelo elikhulu lomnqamlezo ziqiniswe ngokungqongqo kumzimba webrashi.Ii-conductor ziyi-copper, i-stranded, ilukwe kwiintambo ezininzi ezincinci (ezibonelela ngokuguquguquka).Kwiibrashi zokuqalisa amandla aphantsi, i-conductor enye kuphela idla ngokusetyenziswa, kwiibhrashi zokuqalisa amandla aphezulu, ii-conductor ezimbini zigxininiswe kumacala ahlukeneyo ebrashi (ukubonelela ngokulinganayo ngoku).Ukufakwa komqhubi ngokuqhelekileyo kuqhutyelwa ngokusebenzisa umkhono wensimbi (piston).I-conductor ingaba yinto engenanto okanye i-insulated - konke kuxhomekeke kuyilo lomqalisi othile.I-terminal inokufumaneka ekupheleni kwe-conductor ukuze kube lula ukufakela.Abaqhubi kufuneka baguquguquke, okuvumela ukuba i-brush itshintshe indawo ngexesha lokugqoka kwaye ngexesha lokusebenza kokuqala, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukudibanisa kunye ne-manifold.
Iibrashi ezininzi zisetyenzisiweyo kwi-starter, ngokuqhelekileyo inani labo ngu-4, 6 okanye 8. Kule meko, isiqingatha seebhulashi sixhunyiwe "kumhlaba", kunye nesinye isiqingatha kwi-stator windings.Olu xhulumaniso luqinisekisa ukuba xa i-relay yokuqalisa ivuliwe, okwangoku isetyenziswa ngaxeshanye kwi-stator windings kunye ne-armature windings.
Iibrashi zijoliswe kwisibambi sebrashi ngendlela yokuba ngexesha ngalinye ixesha elikhoyo lisetyenziswe kwii-windings ezithile ze-armature.Ibhrashi nganye icinezelwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokusebenzisa umthombo.Umnini webrashi, kunye neebhulashi, iyunithi eyahlukileyo, leyo, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukulungisa okanye ukubuyisela iibrashi, inokuchithwa kwaye ifakwe ngokulula kwindawo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, iibrashi zokuqalisa zilula kakhulu, ngoko zithembeke kwaye zihlala zihlala njalo.Nangona kunjalo, zikwafuna ukulungiswa kunye nokulungiswa ngamaxesha athile.
Imiba yokuxilonga kunye nokulungiswa kweebrashi zokuqalisa
Ngethuba lokusebenza, iibrashi zokuqalisa ziphantsi kokugqoka rhoqo kunye nemithwalo ebalulekileyo yombane (ngexesha lokuqalisa injini, i-current ye-100 ukuya kwi-1000 okanye ngaphezulu i-amperes ihamba ngeebrashi), ngoko ke ekuhambeni kwexesha iyancipha ngobukhulu kunye nokuwa.Oku kunokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni koqhagamshelwano nomqokeleli, oku kuthetha ukuwohloka kokusebenza komqalisi wonke.Ukuba umqalisi uqala ukusebenza kakubi ngokuhamba kwexesha, akaboneleli ngesantya esifunekayo se-angular sokujikeleza kwe-crankshaft okanye ayivuli konke konke, ngoko kufuneka uhlolisise i-relay yayo, imeko yoqhagamshelwano lombane kwaye, ekugqibeleni, iibrashi.Ukuba yonke into ihambelana ne-relay kunye nabafowunelwa, kwaye umqalisi awusebenzi kakuhle nangona uqhagamshelwe kwibhetri, udlula i-relay, ke ingxaki kufuneka ifunwe kwiibrashi.
Ukuxilonga kunye nokutshintsha iibrashi, umqalisi kufuneka aqhaqhe kwaye adityaniswe, ngokubanzi, ukuchithwa kwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Khulula iibholithi ezibambe isiciko esingasemva sesiqalisi;
- Susa isiciko;
- Susa zonke izitywina kunye neentambo (ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ii-O-rings ezimbini, i-clamp kunye ne-gasket kwi-starter);
- Susa ngononophelo isibambi sebrashi kwi-armature manifold.Kule meko, iibhulashi ziya kutyhalwa ngemithombo, kodwa akukho nto imbi iya kwenzeka, kuba iinxalenye zibanjwa ngabaqhubi abaguquguqukayo.
Ngoku kufuneka wenze uhlolo olubonakalayo lweebrashi, uvavanye iqondo lokugqoka kunye nokunyaniseka.Ukuba iibrashi zineengubo ezigqithisileyo (zinobude obufutshane kunokuba bunconywe ngumenzi), ii-cracks, i-kinks okanye omnye umonakalo, ngoko kufuneka zitshintshwe.Ngaphezu koko, isethi epheleleyo yeebrashi itshintsha ngokukhawuleza, kuba iibrashi ezindala zinokungaphumeleli ngokukhawuleza kwaye ukulungiswa kuya kufuneka kwenziwe kwakhona.
Ukuchithwa kweebrashi kuqhutyelwa kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwazo lokuqinisa.Ukuba ii-conductors zithengiswa nje, ngoko kufuneka usebenzise intsimbi yokugoqa.Ukuba kukho ii-terminals kwi-conductors, ke ukuchithwa kunye nokufakwa kuncitshiswe kwi-unscrew / screwing kwi-screws okanye i-bolts.Ukufakwa kweebhulashi ezintsha kuqhutyelwa ngokulandelelana, ngelixa kuyimfuneko ukubeka iliso ukuthembeka koqhagamshelwano lombane.
Emva kokutshintsha iibrashi, umqalisi uhlanganiswe ngokulandelelana, kwaye yonke iyunithi ifakwe kwindawo yayo eqhelekileyo.Iibrashi ezintsha zinendawo yokusebenza ecaba, ngoko ke ziya kuba "ziqhutywe ngaphakathi" iintsuku ezininzi, ngelo xesha umqalisi kufuneka agwenywe kwimithwalo eyongeziweyo.Kwixesha elizayo, iibrashi zokuqalisa azidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekileyo kunye nokugcinwa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-27-2023