Kwi-drive yokuqhuba phantse zonke izithuthi ezinamavili kukho izinto ezihambisa amandla ukusuka kwindlela yokulawula ukuya kumavili - iintonga zokuqhuba.Konke malunga neentonga zokulawula, iintlobo zazo ezikhoyo, ukuyila kunye nokusebenza, kunye nokukhetha okuchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwezi nxalenye - funda kwinqaku elicetywayo.
Yintoni ukuqhuba?
Intonga yokulawula - into yokuqhuba indlela yokulawula izithuthi ezinamavili (ngaphandle kweetrektara kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinesakhelo sokuqhawula);inxalenye emise okwentonga enebhola edibeneyo (ihenjisi) ebonelela ngokugqithiselwa kwamandla ukusuka kwindlela yokulawula ukuya kwiilevers zamanqindi ajikelezayo kunye namanye amacandelo okuqhuba.
Ukuqhuba izithuthi ezinamavili kwahlulahlulwe zibe ziinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili: indlela yokuqhuba kunye nokuqhuba kwayo.Isixhobo sokuqhuba silawulwa livili lokuqhuba, ngoncedo lwalo amandla adalwa ukuphambukisa amavili aqhubayo.La mandla athunyelwa kumavili ngokuqhuba, okuyinkqubo yeentonga kunye neentambo ezixhunywe ngeehenjisi.Enye yezona nxalenye eziphambili ze-drive zihluke kwindawo, ukuyila kunye nenjongo yeentonga zokuqhuba.
Imisebenzi emininzi ibelwa kwiintonga zokuqhuba:
● Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ukusuka kumatshini wokuqhuba ukuya kumacandelo anxulumeneyo okuqhuba kwaye ngokuthe ngqo kwiileveli zamanqindi ajikelezayo;
● Ukubamba i-angle ekhethiweyo yokujikeleza kwamavili xa uqhuba iintshukumo;
● Ukulungelelaniswa kwe-angle yokujikeleza kwamavili aqhutywayo ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yesondo lokuqhuba kunye nolunye uhlengahlengiso lwesixhobo sokuqhuba ngokubanzi.
Iintonga zokulawula zixazulula umsebenzi onoxanduva lokuhambisa amandla ukusuka kwindlela yokulawula ukuya kumavili aqhubekileyo, ngoko ke, kwimeko yokungasebenzi kakuhle, ezi nxalenye kufuneka zitshintshwe ngokukhawuleza.Kodwa ngenxa yokhetho oluchanekileyo lwentonga entsha, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda iintlobo ezikhoyo, ukuyila kunye neempawu zezi nxalenye.
Iintlobo kunye nokusebenza kweentonga zokuqhuba
Iintlobo kunye nemizobo yokulawula i-trapezoidal
Iintsimbi zokulawula zingahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezininzi ngenjongo, ukusetyenziswa kunye nezinye iimpawu zoyilo.
Ngokokusebenza kokutyhala, kukho iindidi ezimbini:
● Kwiinkqubo zokuqhuba ezisekelwe kwiintshulube kunye nezinye iindlela zokuqhuba kunye ne-steering trapezoidal drive;
● Kwiinkqubo zokuqhuba ezisekelwe kwiirakhi zokuqhuba ezinevili elithe ngqo.
Kwiinkqubo zodidi lokuqala (kunye ne-trapezoids yokulawula), iintonga ezimbini okanye ezintathu zisetyenzisiweyo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokumiswa kwe-axle elawulwayo kunye neskimu sokuqhuba i-trapeze:
● Kwi-axle ene-suspension exhomekeke: iintonga ezimbini - enye i-longitudinal, ivela kwi-bipod yokuqhuba, kunye ne-transverse enye, idityaniswe kwiilevers zamanqindi ajikelezayo amavili;
● Kwi-axle ene-suspension ezimeleyo: iintonga ezintathu - enye i-longitudinal medium (embindini), idityaniswe kwi-bipod ye-steering mechanism, kunye necala le-longitudinal ezimbini, ezidityaniswe phakathi kunye ne-levers yeekham ezijikelezayo zamavili.
Kukho neenguqu ze-trapezoids kwi-axle ngokumiswa okuzimeleyo kunye neentonga ezimbini zecala ezixhunyiwe kwi-bipod yokulawula kwindawo ephakathi.Nangona kunjalo, ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sikimu kudla ngokusetyenziswa rhoqo ekuqhubeni ngokusekelwe kwii-racks zokuqhuba, ezichazwe ngezantsi.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwi-trapezoids yokulawula i-axis ngokumiswa okuzimeleyo, eqinisweni, intonga enye yokulawula isetyenzisiweyo, ihlukaniswe ngamacandelo amathathu - ibizwa ngokuba yi-dissected thrust.Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokuqhuba ezihlanjululweyo kuthintela ukutenxa ngokuzenzekela kwamavili aqhutywayo xa uqhuba kwiindlela ezingalinganiyo ngenxa yee-amplitudes ezahlukeneyo ze-oscillation yamavili asekunene nasekhohlo.I-trapezoid ngokwayo inokufumaneka ngaphambi nangemva kwe-axle yamavili, kwimeko yokuqala ibizwa ngokuba yi-front, okwesibini - ngasemva (ngoko musa ukucinga ukuba "i-trapezoid yokulawula ngasemva" yindawo yokuqhubela phambili ekhoyo. kwi-asi engasemva yemoto).
Kwiinkqubo zokulawula ezisekelwe kwi-rack steering rack, zimbini kuphela iintonga ezisetyenziswayo - i-right and left transverse for the right and left wheel drive, ngokulandelanayo.Enyanisweni, yi-trapezoid yokulawula kunye ne-dissected longitudinal thrust, ene-hinge kwindawo ephakathi - esi sisombululo senza lula ukuyila kwendlela yokulawula, kwandisa ukuthembeka kwayo.Iintonga zalo matshini zihlala zinedizayini edibeneyo, iindawo zazo zangaphandle zidla ngokuba ziingcebiso zokuqhuba.
Iintonga zokuqhuba zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini ngokwethuba lokutshintsha ubude bawo:
● I-non-adjustable - i-piece-piece rods enobude obunikeziweyo, isetyenziswe kwiidrives kunye nezinye iintambo ezihlengahlengiswayo okanye ezinye iindawo;
● Ukulungelelaniswa - iintonga ezidibeneyo, ezithi, ngenxa yamalungu athile, zikwazi ukuhluka ubude bazo ngaphakathi kwemida ethile yokulungelelanisa izixhobo zokuqhuba.
Ekugqibeleni, i-traction inokwahlulwa ibe ngamaqela amaninzi ngokokusebenza - kwiimoto kunye neelori, kwizithuthi kunye nangaphandle kokulawula amandla, njl.
Uyilo lwentonga yokulawula
Uyilo olulula lunentonga ezingaguquguqukiyo - isiseko sazo siyintonga engenanto okanye yonke-intsimbi yeprofayili ethile (inokuthi iqonde okanye igobe ngokuhambelana neempawu zoyilo lwemoto), kwelinye okanye zombini iziphelo apho kukho ibhola. amalungu.Iihenjisi - ezingenakuhlukaniswa, zibandakanya umzimba onomunwe webhola obekwe ngaphakathi kunye nomtya we-nut yesithsaba kunye nomngxuma onqamlezayo wepini;Ihinge ingavalwa nge-anther yerabha ukukhusela kukungcola namanzi.Kwi-transverse thrust, i-axes yeminwe ye-joints yebhola ihlelwe kwi-plane efanayo okanye i-offset nge-angle encinci.Kwi-longitudinal thrust, ii-axes zeminwe yeehinge zihlala zi-perpendicular omnye komnye.
Uyilo oluntsokothileyo lunentonga ezinqamlezileyo ezingalungisekiyo.Kuloo njongo, izinto ezongezelelweyo zinokubonelelwa:
● Kwiintonga zee-axles ezine-suspension exhomekeke - umngxuma okanye ihenjisi yokudibanisa ne-bipod yokuqhuba;
● Kwiintonga zee-axles ezine-suspension ezizimeleyo - imingxuma emibini elungiselelwe ngokulinganayo okanye i-hinges yokudibanisa kunye neentambo zecala;
● Kwiintonga zeemoto ezine-hydrostatic steering (GORU) - i-bracket okanye umngxuma wokudibanisa kwintonga ye-hydraulic cylinder YEGORU.
Nangona kunjalo, kwiimoto ezininzi, i-trapezoids ene-pendulum lever isetyenziswa ngokubanzi - kwiinkqubo ezinjalo, i-avareji ye-lateral thrust kwiingcebiso zayo inemingxuma yokufaka i-pendulum lever kunye ne-bipod yokuqhubela phambili.
Iintambo zokulawula ezilungelelaniswayo zibandakanya iinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili: intonga ngokwayo kunye nencam yokulawula edityaniswe kuyo.Ingcebiso inokutshintsha indawo yayo ngokubhekiselele kwi-thrust ngendlela enye okanye enye, ekuvumela ukuba ulungelelanise ubude becala lonke.Ngokwendlela yokulungelelanisa i-thrust, inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini:
Uyilo oluhlengahlengiswayo lwentonga yokulawula enezithinteli eziqinisayo
● Ukulungelelaniswa kwentambo ngokutshixa nge-lock nut;
● Ukulungelelaniswa ngomsonto okanye indlela yeteleskopu ngokulungiswa ngeclamp yokuqinisa.
Kwimeko yokuqala, incam inentambo ephothiweyo kwintambo yokuphendula ekupheleni kwentonga, okanye ngokuphambeneyo, kwaye ukulungiswa kwe-cranking kuqhutywe nge-lock nut kwintambo efanayo.Kwimeko yesibini, i-tip ingaphinda ifakwe kwintonga, okanye ifakwe nje kuyo, kwaye ukulungiswa kwe-cranking kuqhutyelwa nge-clamp yokuqinisa kwindawo yangaphandle yentonga.I-clamp yokuqinisa ingaba yincinci kwaye igxininiswe nge-bolt enye kuphela nge-nut, okanye ububanzi kunye nokuqiniswa kweebholiti ezimbini.
Zonke iintonga zokuqhuba zinonxibelelwano oludibeneyo kunye kunye nezinye iindawo zenkqubo yokulawula - oku kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo ngexesha lokuguqulwa okwenzeka ngexesha lokuhamba kwesithuthi.Izikhonkwane zebhola zisebenza njengama-ax eehenjisi, zigxininiswe emingxunyeni yeendawo zokukhwelana kunye namantongomane esithsaba agxininiswe ngezikhonkwane.
Iinduku zenziwe ngetsimbi zamabakala ahlukeneyo, zinokuthi zibe nengubo yokukhusela ngendlela yepeyinti eqhelekileyo okanye i-galvanic yokugqoka ngeentsimbi ezahlukeneyo - i-zinc, i-chromium kunye nabanye.
Indlela yokukhetha kunye nokutshintsha intonga yokulawula
Iintsimbi zokulawula ngexesha lokusebenza kwemoto ziphantsi kwemithwalo ebalulekileyo, ngoko ke zikhawuleza zingasebenzi.Ngokuqhelekileyo, iingxaki zenzeke kumalungu ebhola, kwakhona iintonga zixhomekeke kwi-deformation kunye nokubonakala kweentanda kunye nokutshatyalaliswa okulandelayo kwenxalenye.Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweentonga kunokubonakaliswa ngokubuyela umva kunye nokubetha kwevili lokuqhuba, okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ivili lokuqhuba elixinene kakhulu, ukunkqonkqoza ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ngelixa uqhuba, kunye nokulahleka kozinzo lwemoto (ikhokelela kude. ).Xa ezi zibonakaliso zivela, umgaqo kufuneka ufunyanwe, kwaye ukuba iingxaki ngeentonga zifunyenwe, kufuneka zitshintshwe.
Ukutshintshwa, kufuneka ukhethe ezo ntonga zokuqhuba kunye neengcebiso ezifakwe kwimoto ngaphambili - kuphela ngale ndlela kukho iziqinisekiso zokuba i-steering iya kusebenza ngokuchanekileyo.Ukuba ingxaki yenzeke kuphela kwintonga enye yecala okanye incam, ke kungcono ukubuyisela ezi nxalenye ngesibini, ngaphandle koko kukho ukusilela okuphezulu kakhulu kokungaphumeleli kokutsala kwivili lesibini.
Ukutshintshwa kweentonga kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokulungiswa nokugcinwa kwemoto.Ngokuqhelekileyo lo msebenzi wehla ekuphakamiseni imoto kwijekhi, ukudiliza iintonga ezindala (ekungcono ukusebenzisa i-puller ekhethekileyo) kunye nokufaka ezintsha.Emva kokulungiswa, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulungelelanise i-camber-convergence.Ukutsalwa okutsha kwezinye iimoto (ingakumbi iilori) kufuneka zithanjiswe ngamaxesha athile, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ezi ndawo azifuni kugcinwa zilungiswa ngexesha lonke lobomi benkonzo.
Ngokukhetha okufanelekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kweentonga zokuqhuba, ukulawulwa kwemoto kuya kuthembeka kwaye kuqiniseke kuzo zonke iindlela zokuqhuba.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-06-2023