Imoto nganye inesivamvo esilula kodwa esibalulekileyo esinceda esweni ukusebenza kwe-injini - isivamvo sobushushu esipholileyo.Funda malunga nokuba yintoni inzwa yobushushu, yintoni uyilo enayo, yeyiphi imigaqo esekelwe kuyo umsebenzi wayo, kunye neyiphi indawo ehlala kuyo emotweni.
Yintoni inzwa yobushushu
Isivamvo sobushushu esipholileyo (i-DTOZh) sisiva sombane esenzelwe ukulinganisa ubushushu besipholisi (coolant) senkqubo yokupholisa yenjini yokutsha yangaphakathi.Idatha efunyenwe yinzwa isetyenziselwa ukusombulula iingxaki ezininzi:
• Ukulawulwa okubonakalayo kweqondo lokushisa kweyunithi yamandla - idatha evela kwi-sensor iboniswa kwisixhobo esihambelanayo (i-thermometer) kwideshibhodi emotweni;
• Ukulungelelaniswa kokusebenza kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-injini (amandla, ukuvutha, ukupholisa, ukuchithwa kwegesi kwakhona kunye nabanye) ngokuhambelana nolawulo lwangoku lobushushu - ulwazi oluvela kwi-DTOZH lutyiswa kwiyunithi yokulawula i-electronic (ECU), eyenza uhlengahlengiso olufanelekileyo.
Izinzwa zobushushu ezipholileyo zisetyenziswa kuzo zonke iimoto zanamhlanje, zinoyilo olufanayo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza.
Iintlobo kunye noyilo lwezinzwa zobushushu
Kwiimoto zanamhlanje (kunye nezixhobo zombane ezahlukeneyo), kusetyenziswa izinzwa zobushushu, into enovelwano apho kukho i-thermistor (okanye i-thermistor).I-thermistor sisixhobo se-semiconductor esinokumelana nombane kuxhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa.Kukho i-thermistors ene-coefficient yeqondo lokushisa elibi kunye nelilungileyo lokuchasana (TCS), kwizixhobo ezine-TCS engalunganga, ukuchasana kuncipha ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa, kwizixhobo ezine-TCS ezintle, ngokuchaseneyo, zinyuka.Namhlanje, i-thermistors ene-TCS engeyiyo isetyenziswa rhoqo, njengoko ilula kwaye inexabiso eliphantsi.
Ngokwesakhiwo, zonke iimoto ze-DTOZh ziyafana.Isiseko soyilo ngumzimba wesinyithi (i-cylinder) owenziwe ngobhedu, ubhedu okanye enye isinyithi esinganyangekiyo kwi-corrosion.Umzimba wenziwa ngendlela yokuba inxalenye yayo idibane ne-coolant flow - nantsi i-thermistor, enokuthi igxininiswe ngentwasahlobo (ngoqhagamshelwano oluthembekileyo ngakumbi kunye necala).Kwinxalenye ephezulu yomzimba kukho umnxibelelwano (okanye oonxibelelwano) wokudibanisa inzwa kwisiphaluka esihambelanayo sombane wesithuthi.Icala liphinde lifakwe kwaye i-hexagon ye-turnkey yenzelwe ukunyuswa kwenzwa kwinkqubo yokupholisa injini.
Izinzwa zobushushu ziyahluka ngendlela eziqhagamshelwe ngayo kwi-ECU:
• Ngomdibaniso oqhelekileyo wombane - inzwa ine-plastic connector (okanye ibhloko) kunye nabafowunelwa;
• Ngoqhagamshelwano lwe-screw - omnye umnxeba kunye ne-screw clamping yenziwa kwinzwa;
• Ngoqhagamshelwano lwepin - enye ipini okanye i-spatula yoqhagamshelwano inikwe kwinzwa.
Iinzwa zohlobo lwesibini kunye nesithathu zinoqhagamshelwano olulodwa kuphela, uqhagamshelwano lwesibini ngumzimba wenzwa, oxhunywe "kumhlaba" wenkqubo yombane wemoto ngenjini.Ezo zinzwa zidla ngokusetyenziswa kwiimoto zorhwebo kunye neelori, kwizinto ezikhethekileyo, ezolimo kunye nezinye izixhobo.
Isivamvo sobushushu esipholileyo sixhonywe kweyona ndawo ishushu yenkqubo yokupholisa injini - kumbhobho wokukhupha wentloko yesilinda.Kwiimoto zanamhlanje, i-DTOZhS ezimbini okanye ezintathu zihlala zifakwe kanye, nganye eyenza umsebenzi wayo:
• I-sensor ye-thermometer (isalathisi sokushisa okupholileyo) iyona elula, inokuchaneka okuphantsi, kuba inceda kuphela ukuvavanya ngokubonakalayo ubushushu beyunithi yamandla;
• I-sensor ye-ECU ekuphumeni kwentloko yeyunithi iyona nto inoxanduva kwaye ichanekileyo inzwa (ngephutha le-1-2.5 ° C), ekuvumela ukuba ulandele utshintsho lweqondo lokushisa kwiidigri ezininzi;
• Inzwa yokukhupha i-radiator - i-sensor encedisayo yokuchaneka okuphantsi, eqinisekisa ukutshintshwa kunye nokucinywa kwe-radiator yombane yokupholisa fan.
Iinzwa ezininzi zibonelela ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nolawulo lwangoku lobushushu beyunithi yamandla kwaye zikuvumela ukuba ujonge ngokuthembekileyo ukusebenza kwayo.
Umgaqo wokusebenza kunye nendawo yenzwa yeqondo lokushisa kwisithuthi
Ngokuqhelekileyo, umgaqo wokusebenza kwenzwa yokushisa ilula.I-voltage eqhubekayo (ngokuqhelekileyo i-5 okanye i-9 V) isetyenziswe kwi-sensor, kwaye i-voltage yehla kwi-thermistor ngokuhambelana nomthetho we-Ohm (ngenxa yokuchasana kwayo).Utshintsho kwiqondo lokushisa lubandakanya utshintsho ekuchaseni i-thermistor (xa iqondo lokushisa liphakama, ukuchasana kuyancipha, xa ubushushu buyancipha, buyanda), ngoko ke ukuhla kwe-voltage kwisiphaluka senzwa.Ixabiso elilinganisiweyo lokuhla kwe-voltage (okanye kunoko, i-voltage yangempela kwi-sensor circuit) isetyenziswe yi-thermometer okanye i-ECU ukugqiba ukushisa kwangoku kwe-injini.
Ukulawulwa okubonakalayo kweqondo lokushisa kweyunithi yamandla, isixhobo esikhethekileyo sombane sixhunyiwe kwisiphaluka senzwa - i-thermometer ye-ratiometric.Isixhobo sisebenzisa amajiko-jiko ombane amabini okanye amathathu, phakathi apho kukho i-armature ehambayo enotolo.I-winding enye okanye ezimbini zivelisa i-magnetic field eqhubekayo, kwaye enye i-winging ibandakanyiwe kwisekhethi ye-sensor yeqondo lokushisa, ngoko intsimi yayo yemagneti iyatshintsha ngokuxhomekeke kubushushu obupholileyo.Njengomphumo wokudibana rhoqo kunye nokutshintshana kwemimandla yamagnetic kwi-windings, ibangela ukuba i-armature ijikeleze ijikeleze i-axis yayo, ebandakanya utshintsho kwindawo yenaliti ye-thermometer kwidayeli yayo.
Ukulawula ukusebenza kwemoto kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nokulawula iinkqubo zayo, ukufundwa kweenzwa zondliwa kwiyunithi yokulawula i-elektroniki ngokusebenzisa umlawuli ofanelekileyo.Iqondo lokushisa lilinganiswa nobukhulu be-voltage drop in the circuit sensor, ngenxa yale njongo kwimemori ye-ECU kukho iitheyibhile zembalelwano phakathi kwe-voltage kwisekethe ye-sensor kunye ne-injini yokushisa.Ngokusekelwe kule datha, ii-algorithms ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kweenkqubo eziphambili zeenjini ziqaliswa kwi-ECU.
Ngokusekwe kufundo lwe-DTOZH, ukusebenza kwenkqubo yokutshisa kulungelelaniswa (ukutshintsha ixesha lokutshisa), unikezelo lwamandla (ukutshintsha ukubunjwa komxube we-fuel-air, ukuncipha okanye ukutyeba, ukulawula indibano ye-throttle), ukukhupha i-gas recirculation kunye abanye.Kwakhona, i-ECU, ngokuhambelana nobushushu be-injini, ibeka isantya se-crankshaft kunye nezinye iimpawu.
Inzwa yokushisa kwi-radiator epholileyo isebenza ngendlela efanayo, isetyenziselwa ukulawula umbane wombane.Kwezinye izithuthi, le nzwa inokudityaniswa neyona iphambili yolawulo oluchanekileyo lweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zenjini.
I-sensor yeqondo lokushisa idlala indima ebalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na isithuthi esine-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi, xa kwenzeka ukuphuka, kufuneka kuthathelwe indawo ngokukhawuleza - kuphela kulo mzekelo ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweyunithi yamandla kuyo nayiphi na indlela iya kuqinisekiswa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-24-2023