Kwii-preheaters ze-injini kukho izinzwa ezibeka esweni ubushushu besipholisi kunye nokulawula ukusebenza kwesixhobo.Funda malunga nokuba zeziphi izinzwa zokushisa kwe-heater, zeziphi iintlobo zazo, zicwangciswe njani kwaye zisebenza njani, ukuba zitshintshe njani - funda kweli nqaku.
Yintoni inzwa yobushushu be-PZD?
Isivamvo sobushushu se-PZD sisiqalelo senkqubo yolawulo ye-injini yangaphambili (i-injini yolwelo heater, i-PZD), into enovakalelo (i-transducer yokulinganisa) yokulinganisa ubushushu besipholisi.
Idatha efunyenwe ngokusebenzisa i-sensor yeqondo lokushisa ithunyelwa kwiyunithi yokulawula i-elektroniki ye-Railway, kwaye ngesiseko sabo i-heater ivuliwe ngokuzenzekelayo, iguqule iindlela zayo zokusebenza, ukuvala rhoqo okanye ngokukhawuleza.Imisebenzi ye-sensor ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwazo kunye nendawo yokufakela kumzila kaloliwe.
Iindidi, uyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kweenzwa zeqondo lokushisa
Izinzwa zobushushu zihlulwe ngokwamaqela ngokomgaqo wokusebenza obekwe phantsi kwesiseko somsebenzi wabo, uhlobo lwesignali yokuphuma, ukuyila kunye nokusebenza.
Ngokomgaqo wokusebenza, izinzwa zezi:
● Ukuxhathisa - zisekelwe kwi-thermistor (thermistor), ukuxhathisa okuxhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa.Xa iqondo lokushisa litshintsha, ukuchasana kwe-thermistor kwanda okanye kuncipha, olu tshintsho lurekhodwa kwaye lusetyenziselwa ukumisela ukushisa kwangoku;
● I-Semiconductor - zisekelwe kwizixhobo ze-semiconductor (i-diode, i-transistor okanye enye), iimpawu zenguqu "pn" ezixhomekeke kwiqondo lokushisa.Xa iqondo lokushisa litshintsha, uphawu lwangoku lwe-voltage ye-junction "pn" (ukuxhomekeka kwangoku kwi-voltage) utshintsho, olu tshintsho lusetyenziselwa ukumisela ukushisa kwangoku.
I-Resistive sensors yizona zilula kwaye zingabizi kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa i-circuit yokulinganisa eyahlukileyo, efuna ukulinganisa kunye nohlengahlengiso.Izinzwa ze-Semiconductor zenza kube lula ukuvelisa ii-microcircuits ezithintekayo ukushisa kunye nesekethe yokulinganisa edibeneyo eyenza umqondiso wedijithali kwimveliso.
Ngokohlobo lwesignali yemveliso, kukho iindidi ezimbini zeenzwa zobushushu:
● Ngemveliso yomqondiso we-analog;
● Ngemveliso yedijithali.
Abona benzi boluvo baluncedo kakhulu ngabo bavelisa umqondiso wedijithali - ayichaphazeleki kancinci ekugqwethekeni kunye neempazamo, kulula ukuyiqhuba ngeesekethe zedijithali zanamhlanje, kwaye umqondiso wedijithali wenza kube lula ukulungelelanisa isivamvo ukulinganisa amaxesha obushushu ahlukeneyo kunye nokwahlukileyo. iindlela zokusebenza.
Izinzwa zikaloliwe zanamhlanje ubukhulu becala zakhiwe ngokwesiseko se-microcircuits ezingevayo kubushushu kunye nomqondiso wokuphuma kwedijithali.Isiseko se-sensor enjalo yimeko ye-cylindrical eyenziwe ngetsimbi enganyangekiyo (okanye kunye ne-anti-corrosion coating), ngaphakathi apho i-microcircuit ehambelana nokushisa ifakwe.Ngasemva kwetyala kukho umdibaniso wombane oqhelekileyo okanye intambo yokubopha iphuma kunye ne-connector (s) ekupheleni.Ityala litywinwe, likhusela i-chip emanzini kunye nezinye iimpembelelo ezimbi.Ngaphandle kwetyala, kukho i-groove yokufakwa kwe-rubber okanye i-silicone O-ring, kunye ne-gasket eyongezelelweyo ingasetyenziswa.Inzwa echasayo yenzelwe ngokufanayo, kodwa inendlu emxinwa emide, ekugqibeleni kukho into enovakalelo.
Isicwangciso sikaloliwe esinesalathiso seendawo zofakelo lobushushu kunye nezinzwa zobushushu obugqithisileyo
Ngaphandle koyilo, izinzwa zobushushu ze-PZD zahlulwe zaba ziindidi ezintathu ngokokusebenza kwazo:
● Amacebo obushushu - asetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ubushushu bolwelo oluphumayo oluthi luqukuqele ukusuka kwisifudumezi ukuya kwisixokelelwano sokupholisa seyunithi yamandla;
● Inzwa yokushisa - isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa iqondo lokushisa lolwelo olungenayo olungena kwi-heater ukusuka kwinkqubo yokupholisa yeyunithi yamandla;
● I-Universal - inokusebenza njengenzwa yobushushu kulwelo oluphumayo nolungenayo.
Isivamvo sobushushu solwelo oluphumayo sifakwe ecaleni kombhobho wolwelo wokukhupha we-heater, sisetyenziswa yinkqubo yokulawula ukucima nokucima isifudumezi xa ubushushu be-injini ethile bufikelelwa (ngokuqhelekileyo kuluhlu ukusuka kuma-40 ukuya. 80 ° C, kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo ekhethiweyo kunye nendlela yokusebenza kaloliwe).Ekubeni le nzwa isetyenziselwa ukubeka iliso kunye nokulawula i-heater, ibizwa nje ngokuba yinzwa yokushisa.
I-sensor yokufudumala ifakwe kwicala le-preheater liquid inlet, isetyenziselwa ukucima ngokuzenzekelayo isixhobo xa i-coolant ishushu.Ukuba, ngenxa yesizathu esinye okanye esinye, iyunithi yokulawula ayicimi i-heater xa iqondo lokushisa lifikelela ngaphezu kwe-80 ° C, ngoko isiphaluka sokukhusela sibangelwa, esicima ngenkani i-preheater, ukukhusela injini ekufudumeni.
Iinzwa zendalo yonke zinokwenza imisebenzi yazo zombini izixhobo, zifakwe kwi-exhaust okanye i-inlet liquid pipe, kwaye ziqwalaselwe ngokuhambelana nemisebenzi eyabelwe yona.
Kwii-preheaters zanamhlanje, kusetyenziswa izinzwa ezimbini - ubushushu kunye nobushushu.Umqondiso wabo wondliwa kumagalelo ahambelanayo weyunithi yokulawula kaloliwe, ngelixa umqondiso ovela kwisivamvo sobushushu (ulwelo oluphumayo) ungasetyenziselwa ukubonisa ulwazi kumboniso wephaneli yolawulo kwindawo yomkhweli / ikhebhu yemoto, kunye ne Umqondiso ovela kwi-sensor yokufudumala ingasetyenziselwa ukwazisa ngokushisa kwe-injini.
Ukukhethwa kunye nokutshintshwa kwezinzwa zobushushu
Izifudumezi zanamhlanje zineenkqubo zokuzixilonga ezazisa umqhubi wokungasebenzi kakuhle kweenzwa zeqondo lokushisa kunye nomqondiso kwisiboniso sepaneli yokulawula okanye ngokukhanyisa i-LED.Kuzo zonke iimeko, ukuba kukrokrelwa ukungasebenzi kakuhle, kuyimfuneko ukujonga ukuthembeka koqhagamshelwano lombane kunye nenzwa - indlela yokwenza oku iboniswe kwimiyalelo yokusebenza kunye nokulungiswa komzila kaloliwe.Ukuba kufunyenwe ukungasebenzi kakuhle, inzwa yokushisa kufuneka itshintshwe, ngaphandle koko i-heater ayikwazi ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.
Ukutshintshwa, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha iinzwa zezo nombolo zekhathalogu kunye neentlobo ezibonakaliswe kwimiyalelo kaloliwe.Namhlanje, abaninzi abavelisi banikezela ngokufana nezixhobo ezithandwa kakhulu, eziququzelela kakhulu ukhetho lwabo.Nangona kunjalo, xa ukhetha, awukwazi ukuthembela ngokungaboniyo kumthengisi - kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba inzwa entsha inohlobo olufanelekileyo lwesinxibelelanisi kwaye ine-gasket kwikhithi.
Ukutshintshwa kweqondo lokushisa kunye nezinzwa zokushisa ngokugqithiseleyo kuqhutyelwa ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo kaloliwe, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuba imodeli yesifudumezi, lo msebenzi kufuneka wenziwe kuphela kwi-injini emisiweyo kunye neeterminals zisuswe kwibhetri kwaye emva kokukhupha ulwelo ukusuka ekupholiseni. inkqubo.Xa ufaka inzwa entsha, kuyimfuneko ukujonga i-polarity yoqhagamshelwano lwabafowunelwa bombane, kwaye emva kokugcwalisa i-coolant, umoya wenkqubo.
Ngokukhetha okufanelekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwenzwa yeqondo lokushisa, i-injini yokufudumala iya kusebenza ngokuthembekileyo nangokuchanekileyo kuzo zonke iimeko.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-21-2023