Kwiinjini ezininzi zokutsha zangaphakathi, indlela yokusabalalisa igesi iqulethe iindawo eziqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ukusuka kwi-camshaft ukuya kwii-valve - pushers.Funda konke malunga neetapethi zevalve, iintlobo zazo, uyilo kunye neempawu zokusebenza, kunye nokukhetha kwazo kunye nokutshintshwa, kweli nqaku.
Yintoni ivalve tappet?
I-valve tappet yinxalenye yendlela yokuhambisa igesi ye-piston enjini yokutsha yangaphakathi;isixhobo sokulandelela ixesha, esihambisa amandla e-axial ukusuka kwi-camshaft ukuya kwi-valve ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokusebenzisa izinto ezincedisayo (intonga, i-rocker arm).
Indlela yokusasazwa kwerhasi yayo nayiphi na injini yokutsha yangaphakathi isekelwe ngokubanzi kumacandelo amathathu aphambili: icamshaft, ejikeleza ngolungelelwano (kodwa ngesiqingatha sesantya se-angular) kunye ne-crankshaft, iivalve kunye ne-drive yazo.I-actuator yendlela yevalve ibeka iliso kwindawo ye-camshaft kwaye iqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ukusuka kuyo ukuya kwiivalve.Iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zingasetyenziswa njenge-drive: iintonga, iingalo ze-rocker kunye nangaphandle kweentonga, kunye nabanye.Ngexesha elininzi, iinxalenye ezongezelelweyo zikwasetyenziswa - iipushers.
Abatyhali bexesha benza imisebenzi emininzi:
● Basebenza njengekhonkco phakathi kwecamshaft cam kunye nezinye iindawo zevalve drive;
● Ukubonelela ngokuhanjiswa okuthembekileyo kwamandla ukusuka kwikhamera yecamshaft ukuya kwivalve nganye;
● Ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo imithwalo evela ekujikelezeni kwe-camshaft kunye nokusebenza kwexesha;
● Ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo yamacandelo exesha kunye nokuququzelela ukugcinwa kwawo;
● Abashicileli beentlobo ezithile - banike izithuba ezifunekayo zokushisa phakathi kwamacandelo exesha kunye / okanye baququzelele inkqubo yohlengahlengiso lwabo.
I-valve tappet iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yexesha, kwimeko yokungasebenzi kakuhle apho ukusebenza kwe-injini kuyehla kakhulu.Xa kwenzeka ukuphuka, i-pusher kufuneka ithathelwe indawo, kwaye ukwenzela ukuba wenze ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwenxalenye entsha, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda iintlobo ezikhoyo kunye nokuyila kwe-pushers.
Iintlobo kunye noyilo lweetapethi zevalvu
Ngokoyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza, ii-pushers zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezininzi:
● Belleville;
● Cylindrical (piston);
● Irola;
● Amanzi.
Ngamnye wokutyhala uneempawu zakhe zoyilo kunye nezicelo.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeetapethi zevalvu
Iimpompo zevalve yepoppet
Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-pusher enjalo iqulethe intonga kunye nesiseko sediski, apho sihlala khona kwi-camshaft cam.Ekupheleni kwentonga kukho intambo yokufaka i-bolt yokulungelelanisa kunye ne-locknut, apho izikhewu ze-thermal zilungiswa.Inxalenye exhasayo ye-pusher iphantsi konyango lokushisa (i-carburization) ukwenzela ukwandisa ukuxhatshazwa kwayo.
Ngokwemilo yenxalenye exhasayo (ipleyiti), ezi zityhala zohlulwe zibe ngamaqela amabini:
● Ngenkxaso ecaba;
● Ngenkxaso engqukuva.
Iipushers zohlobo lokuqala zisebenza ngokuhambelana ne-camshaft kunye neekhamera ezinomsebenzi we-cylindrical.Iipushers zodidi lwesibini zisetyenziselwa i-camshafts kunye neekhamera ze-conical (ezinomgangatho osebenzayo we-beveled) - ngenxa yolu yilo, i-pusher ijikeleza ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-injini, eqinisekisa ukunxiba kwayo okufanayo.
Iiteyiphu zediskhi ngoku azisetyenziswanga, zafakwa kwiinjini ezineevalvu ezisezantsi okanye ezisecaleni ezidityaniswe okanye ngaphandle kweentonga.
Iitapethi zevalvu eCylindrical (piston).
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-pushers zolu hlobo:
● Umngxuma okwi-Cylindrical;
● Iiglasi phantsi kwentsimbi;
● Iiglasi phantsi kwevalve.
Kwimeko yokuqala, i-pusher yenziwe ngendlela ye-cylinder evaliweyo, leyo, ukuququzelela ukuyila, inemigodi kunye neefestile ngaphakathi.Kwesinye isiphelo kukho intambo yebholithi yohlengahlengiso kunye ne-locknut.Iipush ezinjalo azifane zisetyenziswe namhlanje, njengoko zikhulu kwaye zonyusa imilinganiselo yexesha lonke.
Kwimeko yesibini, i-pusher yenziwe ngendlela yeglasi ye-diameter encinci, ngaphakathi kwayo i-recess (isithende) yenzelwe ukufakwa kwentonga ye-pusher.Iifestile zingenziwa kwiindonga zenxalenye ukuze ziququzelele kunye nokuthambisa okuqhelekileyo.Iipusher zolu hlobo zisafumaneka kwiiyunithi zamandla ezindala kunye ne-camshaft ephantsi.
Kwimeko yesithathu, i-pusher yenziwe ngendlela yeglasi yobubanzi obukhulu, ngaphakathi apho indawo yokudibanisa yenziwe ukuze kugxininiswe ekupheleni kwesigxina se-valve.Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-pusher inodonga oluncinci, i-bottom yayo kunye ne-contact point iphathwa ngobushushu (iqiniswe okanye i-carburized).Iinxalenye ezinjalo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, zifakwe kwiinjini ezine-camshaft ephezulu kunye ne-valve drive ngqo.
Uhlobo lwe-cylindrical pusher yevalve yi-pusher ene-washer yokulungelelanisa efakwe ngaphantsi (ikhamera ye-camshaft ixhomekeke kuyo).I-washer ingaba nobukhulu obuhlukeneyo, ukutshintshwa kwayo kuqhutyelwa ngokulungelelanisa izithuba ze-thermal.
Iimpompo zevalve yerola
Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zolu hlobo lwezityhala:
● Isiphelo;
● I-Lever.
Kwimeko yokuqala, i-pusher yenziwe ngendlela ye-cylindrical rod, kwindawo engezantsi apho i-roller yensimbi ifakwe khona ngenaliti yokuthwala, kunye ne-recess (isithende) intonga inikezelwa ekupheleni okuphezulu.Kwimeko yesibini, inxalenye yenziwe ngendlela ye-lever kunye nenkxaso enye, ehlombe apho i-roller ifakwe khona kwaye kukho ikhefu kwintonga.
Izixhobo zolu hlobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinjini ezine-camshaft ephantsi, azifumaneki kwiiyunithi zamandla amatsha.
Iimpompo zevalve yeHydraulic
Ii-hydraulic pushers (hydraulic lifters) sesona sisombululo sanamhlanje esisetyenziswa kwiinjini ezininzi.Iipusher zolu hlobo zinesixhobo esakhelwe ngaphakathi se-hydraulic yokulungelelanisa izithuba ze-thermal, ezikhetha ngokuzenzekelayo izikhala kwaye ziqinisekise ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwemoto.
Isiseko soyilo lwepusher ngumzimba (owenza ngaxeshanye imisebenzi yeplunger), eyenziwe ngendlela yeglasi ebanzi.Ngaphakathi komzimba kukho i-cylinder ehambayo enevalve yokutshekisha eyahlula isilinda ibe yimingxuma emibini.Kumgangatho ongaphandle wendlu ye-hydraulic lifter, i-groove ejikelezayo yenziwe ngemingxuma yokubonelela ngeoyile kwi-cylinder ukusuka kwinkqubo yokuthambisa i-injini.I-pusher ifakwe ekupheleni kobuso be-valve stem, ngelixa i-groove emzimbeni wayo ihambelana nomjelo weoli kwintloko yebhloko.
I-hydraulic pusher isebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.Okwangoku xa i-camshaft cam ingena kwi-pusher, i-cylinder ifumana uxinzelelo oluvela kwivalve kwaye ihambela phezulu, ivalve yokujonga ivale kwaye itshixe ioyile ebekwe ngaphakathi kwi-cylinder - yonke into ekhoyo ihamba iyonke, iqinisekisa ukuvulwa kwevalve. .Ngeli xesha loxinzelelo oluphezulu kwi-pusher, enye yeoli inokungena kwizithuba phakathi kwe-cylinder kunye nomzimba we-pusher, okhokelela ekutshintsheni ukukhutshwa kokusebenza.
Uyilo lwe-hydraulic pusher (i-hydraulic lifter)
Xa ikhamera ibalekela kwi-pusher, i-valve iphakama kwaye ivale, ngalo mzuzu umzimba we-pusher ujongene nomjelo we-oyile kwintloko ye-cylinder, kwaye uxinzelelo kwi-cylinder yehla ukuya kwi-zero.Ngenxa yoko, ioli evela entloko inqoba amandla entwasahlobo ye-valve yokukhangela kwaye iyivule, ingene kwi-cylinder (ngokuchanekileyo, kwigumbi lokukhupha ngaphakathi kwayo).Ngenxa yoxinzelelo oludalwe, umzimba we-pusher uphakama (ekubeni i-cylinder iphumle ngokuchasene ne-valve stem) kwaye iphumle malunga nekhamera ye-camshaft - yile ndlela i-gap ikhethwa ngayo.Kwixesha elizayo, inkqubo iphinda iphindwe.
Ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-injini, umphezulu weempompo, iikhamera ze-camshaft kunye neziphelo zeziqu zevalve ziyaguga kwaye zikhubazeke, kwaye ngenxa yokufudumeza, imilinganiselo yezinye iinxalenye zendlela yokuhambisa itshintsha ngandlel 'ithile, nto leyo ekhokelela kutshintsho olungalawulwayo. ukususwa.Iitapethi zeHydraulic zibuyekeza olu tshintsho, zisoloko ziqinisekisa ukuba akukho zikhewu kwaye umatshini wonke usebenza ngokwesiqhelo.
Imiba yokhetho kunye nokutshintshwa kweetappet zevalve
Nayiphi naabatyhali, nangona unyango olushushu lweendawo zabo zokusebenza, zigugile ngokuhamba kwexesha okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle, ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kwenjini.Iingxaki kunye ne-pushers zibonakaliswa ngokuchithwa kwe-injini, kubandakanywa utshintsho oluthile kwixesha levalve.Ngaphandle, ezi zinto zingasebenzi kakuhle zibonakaliswa yingxolo yesimo semoto, ebonwa lula ngabachwephesha abanamava.Nangona kunjalo, kwimeko yeenjini ezineziphakamisi ze-hydraulic, ingxolo ngokukhawuleza emva kokuqalisa akuyona ingxaki.Inyaniso kukuba emva kokuba injini ingasebenzi, ioli ishiya i-tappets kunye neziteshi zentloko, kwaye imizuzwana embalwa yokuqala ayinikezeli ukhetho lwezithuba - oku kubonakaliswa ngokungqongqoza.Emva kwemizuzwana embalwa, inkqubo ibangcono kwaye ingxolo iyanyamalala.Ukuba ingxolo ibonwa ngaphezu kwemizuzwana eyi-10-12, ngoko kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kwimeko ye-pushers.
Izityhala ezineziphene mazitshintshwe kufakwe ezitsha zohlobo olufanayo kunye namanani ekhathalogu.Ukutshintshwa kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokulungiswa kunye nokugcinwa kwemoto, lo msebenzi uhambelana nokuchithwa kwenxalenye yentloko ye-cylinder kwaye ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo esikhethekileyo (sokumisa iivalve kunye nabanye), ngoko ke kungcono yithembe kwiingcali.Emva kokutshintshwa kwe-pushers, kuyimfuneko ngezikhathi ezithile ukulungelelanisa ukukhutshwa, kodwa ukuba kusetyenziswe izixhobo ze-hydraulic, akukho mfuneko yokugcinwa.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-14-2023