I-anti-lock braking system (ABS) ibeka iliso kwiiparitha zokuhamba kwesithuthi ngokumalunga nokufundwa kweenzwa ezifakwe kwivili elinye okanye ngaphezulu.Funda malunga nokuba yintoni inzwa ye-ABS kwaye kutheni ifuneka, ziphi iindidi, isebenza njani kunye nokuba yeyiphi imigaqo esekelwe kuyo umsebenzi wayo - fumana kwinqaku.
Yintoni inzwa ye-ABS
Inzwa ye-ABS (kwakhona inzwa yesantya semoto, i-DSA) iyinzwa engeyiyo yokunxibelelana yesantya sokujikeleza (okanye isantya) sevili lezithuthi ezixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokhuseleko olusebenzayo lwe-elektroniki kunye neenkqubo zokulawula ezincedisayo.Izinzwa zesantya zizinto eziphambili zokulinganisa eziqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-anti-lock braking system (ABS), inkqubo yokulawula ukuzinza (ESC) kunye nokulawulwa kwe-traction.Kwakhona, ukufundwa kwenzwa kusetyenziswa kwezinye iinkqubo zolawulo oluzenzekelayo, imilinganiselo yoxinzelelo lwetayara, ukukhanya okuguquguqukayo kunye nabanye.
Zonke iimoto zale mihla kunye nezinye izithuthi ezininzi ezinamavili zixhotyiswe ngezivamvo zesantya.Kwiimoto zabahambi, ii-sensor zifakwe kwivili ngalinye, kwizithuthi zorhwebo kunye neelori, ii-sensors zinokufakwa zombini kuwo onke amavili kunye nakwi-drive axle differentials (enye nge-axle).Ngaloo ndlela, iinkqubo zokunqanda ukutshixa ziyakwazi ukubeka iliso kwimeko yazo zonke iivili okanye amavili ee-axles zokuqhuba, kwaye ngokusekelwe kule ngcaciso, yenza utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo yokuqhomfa.
Iindidi zabenzi boluvo be-ABS
Zonke ii-DSA ezikhoyo zohlulwe ngokwamaqela amabini amakhulu:
• Ukwenziwa – inductive;
• Iyasebenza — i-magnetoresistive kwaye isekwe kuluvo lweHolo.
Izinzwa ze-Passive azifuni ukunikezelwa kwamandla angaphandle kwaye zinoyilo olulula kakhulu, kodwa zinokuchaneka okuphantsi kunye nenani lezinto ezingalunganga, ngoko namhlanje azisebenzisi kancinci.Izinzwa ze-ABS ezisebenzayo zifuna amandla okusebenza, zintsonkothe ngakumbi kuyilo kwaye zibiza kakhulu, kodwa zibonelela ngofundo oluchanekileyo kwaye zithembekile ekusebenzeni.Ke ngoko, iisensom ezisebenzayo namhlanje zifakwe kwiimoto ezininzi.
I-DSA yazo zonke iindidi zineenguqulelo ezimbini:
• Ngokuthe ngqo (isiphelo);
•Ikona.
Iinzwa ezithe ngqo zinefom ye-cylinder okanye intonga, kwelinye icala apho i-sensor element ifakwe khona, kwelinye - ikhonkco okanye ucingo olunekhonkco.I-Angle sensors ixhotyiswe nge-angular connector okanye ucingo olunekhonkco, kwaye banayo iplastiki okanye intsimbi yentsimbi kunye nomngxuma webholithi.
Uyilo kunye nokusebenza kwe-ABS sensors inductive
Le yeyona nzwa yesantya ilula kuyilo kunye nokusebenza.Isekelwe kwinxeba le-inductor elinocingo olucekeceke lobhedu, ngaphakathi apho kukho imagnethi enamandla esisigxina kunye nentsimbi yemagnethi.Isiphelo sekhoyili enondoqo wemagnethi ibekwe ecaleni kwevili legiya yentsimbi (i-pulse rotor), ifakwe ngokuqinileyo kwi-hub yevili.Amazinyo e-rotor aneprofayili yoxande, umgama phakathi kwamazinyo ulingana okanye ukhulu kancinane kunobubanzi bawo.
Ukusebenza kwesi sivamvo kusekwe kwisenzeko sokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic.Ekuphumleni, akukho okwangoku kwi-coil ye-sensor, kuba ijikelezwe yintsimi yamagnetic eqhubekayo - akukho mqondiso ekuphumeni kwenzwa.Ngoxa imoto ihamba, amazinyo e-pulse rotor adlula kufuphi ne-core magnetic ye-sensor, ekhokelela ekutshintsheni kwintsimi yamagnetic edlula kwikhoyili.Ngenxa yoko, intsimi yamagnetic iba yinto etshintshanayo, ethi, ngokomthetho we-electromagnetic induction, ivelise i-current alternating kwi-coil.Le yangoku iyahluka ngokomthetho we-sine, kwaye ukuphindaphinda kwenguqu yangoku kuxhomekeke kwisantya sokujikeleza kwe-rotor, oko kukuthi, kwisantya semoto.
Abenzi boluvo besantya se-inductive banemiqobo ebalulekileyo - baqala ukusebenza kuphela xa isantya esithile soyisiwe kwaye senza umqondiso obuthathaka.Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuba i-ABS kunye nezinye iinkqubo zisebenze ngesantya esiphantsi kwaye zihlala zikhokelela kwiimpazamo.Ke ngoko, ii-DSAs ezingenzi nto zohlobo lwe-inductive namhlanje zinika indlela kwezo ziqhubela phambili ezisebenzayo.
Uyilo kunye nokusebenza kwezinzwa zesantya ezisekelwe kwinto yeHolo
Iinzwa ezisekelwe kwizinto zeHolo zezona zixhaphakileyo ngenxa yokulula nokuthembeka kwazo.Zisekelwe kwisiphumo seHolo - ukwenzeka kokwahlukana okunokuthi kwenzeke kwi-conductor yendiza ebekwe kwintsimi yamagnetic.Umqhubi onjalo ipleyiti yentsimbi yesikwele ebekwe kwi-microcircuit (iHolo edibeneyo yesiphaluka), equlethe isiphaluka sokuvavanya i-electronic eyenza umqondiso wedijithali.Le chip ifakwe kwinzwa yesantya.
Ngokwesakhiwo, i-DSA enento yeHolo ilula: isekelwe kwi-microcircuit, emva kwayo kukho imagnethi esisigxina, kwaye i-metal plate-magnetic core inokufumaneka ngeenxa zonke.Konke oku kufakwe kwimeko, ngasemva apho kukho umdibaniso wombane okanye i-conductor enekhonkco.I-sensor ibekwe malunga ne-pulse rotor, enokuthi yenziwe nokuba ikwimo yentsimbi yentsimbi okanye ikhonkco elinamacandelo amagnetic, i-pulse rotor ifakwe ngokungqongqo kwi-hub yevili.
Umgaqo wokusebenza kweNgqungquthela yeHolo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.Isiphaluka esihlanganisiweyo seHolo sihlala sivelisa isignali yedijithali ngendlela yee-square pulses zefrikhwensi ethile.Ekuphumleni, lo mqondiso unomlinganiselo omncinci okanye awukho ngokupheleleyo.Ekuqaleni kokuhamba kwemoto, amacandelo amagnetic okanye amazinyo e-rotor adlula kwi-sensor, ebandakanya utshintsho lwangoku kwi-sensor - olu tshintsho lujongwa ngumjikelo wokuvavanya, ovelisa umqondiso wokuphuma.Ukuphindaphinda komqondiso we-pulse kuxhomekeke kwisantya sokujikeleza kwevili, esetyenziswa yinkqubo yokunqanda ukutshixa.
I-DSA yolu hlobo ayinazinto ezingalunganga ze-inductive sensors, zikuvumela ukuba ulinganise isantya sokujikeleza kwamavili ngokoqobo ukusuka kwiisentimitha zokuqala zokuhamba kwemoto, zichanekile kwaye zithembekile ekusebenzeni.
Uyilo kunye nokusebenza kwe-anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors yesantya
Izinzwa zesantya semagnethi zisekwe kwisiphumo se-anisotropic magnetoresistive, elutshintsho kuxhathiso lombane lwezixhobo ze-ferromagnetic xa ukuqhelaniswa kwazo kutshintsha ngokunxulumene nendawo enemagnethi engaguqukiyo.
Isici esibucayi se-sensor "yikeyiki yomaleko" yeepleyiti ezimbini okanye ezine ezibhityileyo ze-permalloy (i-alloy ye-iron-nickel ekhethekileyo), apho ii-conductors zetsimbi zifakwe khona, zisasaza imigca yamagnetic ngendlela ethile.Iipleyiti kunye nee-conductor zibekwe kwisekethe edibeneyo, ekwahlala kuyo isiphaluka sokuvavanya ukwenza umqondiso wokuphuma.Le chip ifakwe kwinzwa ejongene ne-pulse rotor - iringi yeplastiki enamacandelo amagnetic.Iringi ifakwe ngokungqongqo kwi hub yevili.
Ukusebenza kweenzwa ze-AMR kubilisa ukuya kulandelayo.Ekuphumleni, ukuchasana kweepleyiti ze-ferromagnetic zenzwa kuhlala kungatshintshwanga, ngoko ke umqondiso wokuphuma owenziwe yisekethe edibeneyo nawo awutshintshi okanye awukho ngokupheleleyo.Ngelixa imoto ihamba, amacandelo amagnetic we-pulse ring adlula nge-sensor sensing element, ekhokelela kutshintsho oluthile kwicala lemigca yemagnethi.Oku kubangela utshintsho ekuchaseni iipleyiti ze-permalloy, ezibekwe esweni yisekethe yokuvavanya - ngenxa yoko, umqondiso wedijithali we-pulsed uveliswa ekuphumeni kwenzwa, i-frequency ehambelana nesantya semoto.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba izinzwa ze-magnetoresistive zikuvumela ukuba ulandelele kungekuphela nje isantya sokujikeleza kwamavili, kodwa kunye nendlela yokujikeleza kunye nomzuzu wokuyeka.Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yobukho be-pulse rotor enamacandelo amagnetic: i-sensor ayiqapheli kuphela utshintsho kwicala lentsimi yamagnetic, kodwa kunye nokulandelelana kokuhamba kwezibonda zamagnetic ezidlulileyo kwinto yokuva.
Ii-DSA zolu hlobo zizona zithembekileyo, zibonelela ngokuchaneka okuphezulu ekulinganiseni isantya sokujikeleza kwamavili kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zokhuseleko lwezithuthi ezisebenzayo.
Umgaqo jikelele wokusebenza kweenzwa zesantya njengenxalenye ye-ABS kunye nezinye iinkqubo
Iinkqubo ze-Anti-lock braking, kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-sensor efakwe kuzo, inomgaqo ofanayo wokusebenza.Iyunithi yokulawula i-ABS ibeka iliso kwisignali evela kwi-speed sensors kwaye iqhathanise kunye nezikhombisi ezibalwe kwangaphambili zesantya kunye nokukhawuleza kwesithuthi (ezi zikhombisi zizimeleyo kwimoto nganye).Ukuba isignali evela kwinzwa kunye neeparitha ezirekhodwe kwiyunithi yokulawula ihambelana, inkqubo ayisebenzi.Ukuba isignali evela kwi-sensors enye okanye ngaphezulu iyaphambuka kwiiparameters zokuyila (oko kukuthi, iivili zivaliwe), ngoko inkqubo ifakwe kwi-brake system, ukukhusela imiphumo emibi yokuvala amavili.
Ulwazi oluninzi malunga nokusebenza kwe-anti-lock braking kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zokhuseleko lwemoto zinokufumaneka kwamanye amanqaku kwisayithi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-24-2023