Imoto yanamhlanje yinkqubo yombane ephuhlisiweyo enenqwaba yezixhobo zombane ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo.Ulawulo lwezi zixhobo lusekelwe kwizixhobo ezilula - i-electromagnetic relays.Funda konke malunga nokuhanjiswa, iintlobo zazo, uyilo kunye nokusebenza, kunye nokukhetha kwabo okuchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa, kwinqaku.
Yintoni i-electromagnetic relay?
I-Automotive electromagnetic relay yinto yenkqubo yombane yesithuthi;Isixhobo sokulawula i-electromechanical esinika ukuvala kunye nokuvulwa kweesekethe zombane xa umqondiso wokulawula usetyenziswa ukusuka kulawulo kwideshibhodi okanye kwiinzwa.
Isithuthi ngasinye mihla ixhotyiswe inkqubo yombane ephuhlisiwe, ebandakanya amashumi, okanye namakhulu iisekethe ngezixhobo ezahlukeneyo - izibane, iinjini zombane, abenzi boluvo, amacandelo elektroniki, njl. Uninzi lweesekethe zilawulwa ngesandla ngumqhubi, kodwa ukutshintshwa kwezi Iisekethe aziqhutywa ngokuthe ngqo kwideshibhodi, kodwa ukude zisebenzisa izinto ezincedisayo - iirelays zombane.
Ukuhanjiswa kombane kwenza imisebenzi emininzi:
● Ukubonelela ngolawulo olukude lweesekethe zombane, nto leyo ekwenza kungabikho mfuneko yokutsala iingcingo ezinkulu ngokuthe ngqo kwideshibhodi yemoto;
● Ukwahlula iisekethe zamandla kunye neesekethe zokulawula umbane, ukuphucula ukhuseleko nokuthembeka kwenkqubo yombane yesithuthi;
● Ukunciphisa ubude beentambo zeesekethe zombane;
● Ukuququzelela ukuphunyezwa kwenkqubo yolawulo oluphakathi kwizixhobo zombane zemoto - iireyiyidi zihlanganiswe kwibhloko enye okanye ngaphezulu apho inani elikhulu leesekethe zombane zidibana khona;
● Ezinye iintlobo zokuhanjiswa kombane zinciphisa inqanaba lophazamiseko lombane olwenzeka xa utshintsha iisekethe zamandla.
Ukuhanjiswa zizinto ezibalulekileyo zenkqubo yombane yesithuthi, ukusebenza ngokungalunganga kwezi nxalenye okanye ukungaphumeleli kwazo kukhokelela ekulahlekelweni kwentsebenzo yezixhobo zombane zombane okanye amaqela apheleleyo ezixhobo zombane, kubandakanywa nezo zibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwemoto.Ngoko ke, iireyidi eziphosakeleyo kufuneka zitshintshwe zintsha ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngaphambi kokuya esitolo kula macandelo, kufuneka uqonde iintlobo zabo, ukuyila kunye neempawu.
I-Automotive relay
Iintlobo, uyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kweereyilayi ze-electromagnetic
Zonke iireyidi zeemoto, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo kunye nokusebenza, zinoyilo olufanayo.I-relay ineendawo ezintathu eziphambili: i-electromagnetic, i-armature eshukumayo kunye neqela loqhagamshelwano.I-electromagnetic yi-winding of enameled copper wire of small cross-section, ifakwe kwi-metal core (core magnetic).Isixhobo esiphathwayo esishukumayo senziwa ngokubanzi ngohlobo lwepleyiti esicaba okanye inxalenye emile okwe-L, exhonywe ngaphezu kwesiphelo sozibuthe we-electromagnetic.I-anchor ixhomekeke kwiqela loqhagamshelwano elenziwe ngendlela yamacwecwe e-elastic kunye ne-riveted bronze okanye ezinye iindawo zoqhagamshelwano.Esi sakhiwo sonke sibekwe kwisiseko, kwindawo engezantsi apho kukho uqhagamshelwano oluqhelekileyo lweemela, luvalwe ngeplastiki okanye i-casing yensimbi.
uyiloUmgaqo wokusebenza we-4 kunye ne-5 pin relays
Indlela yokudibanisa kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kwe-relay isekelwe kwimigaqo elula.I-relay yahlulwe ibe yimijikelezo emibini - ulawulo kunye namandla.Isiphaluka solawulo siquka i-electromagnet winding, idibaniswe kumthombo wamandla (ibhetri, i-generator) kunye nomzimba olawulayo obekwe kwideshibhodi (iqhosha, ukutshintsha), okanye kwinzwa eneqela loqhagamshelwano.Isekethe yamandla ibandakanya omnye okanye ngaphezulu abafowunelwa be-relay, baqhagamshelwe kunikezelo lwamandla kunye nesixhobo esilawulwayo / isekethe.I-relay isebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.Xa ulawulo lucinyiwe, i-electromagnet winding circuit ivulekile kwaye i-current ayihambi kuyo, i-armature ye-electromagnet icinezelwe ngaphandle kwengundoqo ngentwasahlobo, oonxibelelwano lwe-relay bavulekile.Xa ucinezela iqhosha okanye utshintshe, i-current iqukuqela ngokujikeleza kwe-electromagnet, intsimi yamagnetic ivela ngeenxa zonke, ebangela ukuba i-armature itsalwe kumbindi.I-armature ixhomekeke kubafowunelwa kwaye iguqule, iqinisekisa ukuvalwa kweesekethe (okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ukuvulwa kwimeko yabafowunelwa abaqhelekileyo abavaliweyo) - isixhobo okanye isekethe iqhagamshelwe kumthombo wamandla kwaye iqala ukwenza imisebenzi yayo.Xa i-electromagnet winding i-de-energized, i-armature ibuyela kwindawo yayo yokuqala phantsi kwesenzo sentwasahlobo, icima isixhobo / isiphaluka.
Iireyiyi ze-Electromagnetic zahlulwe zaba ziindidi ezininzi ngokwenani labafowunelwa, uhlobo lonxibelelwano lokunxibelelana, indlela yokufaka kunye neempawu zombane.
Ngokwenani labafowunelwa, zonke iireyidi zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini:
● Izikhonkwane ezine;
● Iiphini ezintlanu.
Kwi-relay yohlobo lokuqala kukho abafowunelwa be-4 kuphela, kwi-relay yodidi lwesibini sele kukho abafowunelwa aba-5.Kuzo zonke ii-relays, abafowunelwa bahlelwe ngendlela ethile, ephelisa ukufakwa okungalunganga kwesi sixhobo kwibhloko yokukhwelana.Umahluko phakathi kwe-4-pin kunye ne-5-pin relays yindlela iisekethe eziguqulwa ngayo.
I-4-pin relay sisixhobo esilula esibonelela ngokutshintsha kwesekethe enye kuphela.Abafowunelwa banezi njongo zilandelayo:
● Abafowunelwa ababini besiphaluka solawulo - ngoncedo lwabo, ukuvuthwa kwe-electromagnet kuxhunyiwe;
● Abafowunelwa ababini besekethe yamandla etshintshiweyo - basetyenziselwa ukudibanisa isekethe okanye isixhobo kunikezelo lombane.Aba bafowunelwa banokuba ngamaphondo amabini kuphela - "On" (okhoyo ngoku uhamba ngesekethe) kunye no-"Valiwe" (okwangoku akuhambanga kwisekethe).
I-5-pin relay sisixhobo esinzima ngakumbi esinokutshintsha iisekethe ezimbini ngexesha elinye.Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zolu hlobo lokudlulisa:
● Ngokutshintsha isekethe enye kuphela kwezi zimbini;
● Ngokutshintsha ngokunxuseneyo kweesekethe ezimbini.
Kwizixhobo zodidi lokuqala, abafowunelwa banenjongo elandelayo:
● Abafowunelwa ababini besiphaluka solawulo - njengakwimeko yangaphambili, baxhunyiwe kwi-winding ye-electromagnet;
● Abafowunelwa abathathu besekethe etshintshiweyo.Apha, iphini enye yabelwana ngayo, kwaye ezinye ezimbini zixhunyiwe kwiisekethe ezilawulwayo.Kwi-relay enjalo, abafowunelwa bakwizizwe ezimbini - enye ivalwa ngokuqhelekileyo (NC), eyesibini idla ngokuvuleka (HP).Ngethuba lokusebenza kwe-relay, ukutshintsha phakathi kweesekethe ezimbini kwenziwa.
I-4-pin ye-automotive relay
Kwizixhobo zodidi lwesibini, bonke abafowunelwa bakwimo ye-HP, ngoko xa i-relay ivuselelwa, zombini iisekethe ezitshintshiweyo zivulwa okanye zicinywe ngoko nangoko.
Ugqithiso lunokuba nenye into eyongezelelweyo - i-interference-suppressing (quenching) resistor okanye i-semiconductor diode efakwe ngokuhambelana nokujika kwe-electromagnetic.Esi sixhathiso / i-diode inciphisa i-self-induction yangoku ye-electromagnetic winding xa ufaka kwaye ususa i-voltage kuyo, enciphisa inqanaba lokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic eyenziwa yiyo.Ukuhanjiswa okunjalo kukusetyenziswa okulinganiselweyo ekutshintsheni ezinye iisekethe zenkqubo yombane weemoto, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi zinokuthi zitshintshwe ngokuhambisa okuqhelekileyo ngaphandle kwemiphumo emibi.
Zonke iintlobo zokuhanjiswa zinokuxhonywa ngeendlela ezimbini:
● Ufakelo kuphela kwi-counter block - isixhobo sibanjwe yimikhosi ekhukhulayo yabafowunelwa kwiisokethi zepadi;
● Ukufakwa kwi-counter block kunye ne-fixation kunye ne-bracket - iplastiki okanye i-bracket yentsimbi ye-screw yenziwe kwi-relay housing.
Izixhobo zodidi lokuqala zifakwe kwiibhokisi ze-relay kunye ne-fuse, zikhuselwe ekuweni ngaphandle kwekhava okanye ii-clamps ezikhethekileyo.Izixhobo zodidi lwesibini zenzelwe ukufakwa kwi-injini ye-injini okanye kwenye indawo yemoto ngaphandle kweyunithi, ukuthembeka kofakelo kunikezelwa yi-bracket.
Ukuhanjiswa kombane we-electromagnetic kuyafumaneka kumbane wobonelelo we-12 kunye ne-24 V, iimpawu zabo eziphambili zezi:
● I-Actuation voltage (ngokuqhelekileyo ii-volts ezimbalwa ngaphantsi kombane wokubonelela);
● Ukukhutshwa kwamandla ombane (ngokuqhelekileyo i-3 okanye ngaphezulu kwee-volts ngaphantsi kwe-actuation voltage);
● Ubuninzi bangoku kwisiphaluka esitshintshiweyo (inokuvela kwiiyunithi ukuya kwishumi le-ampere);
● Ngoku kwisiphaluka solawulo;
● Ukumelana okusebenzayo kwe-electromagnet winding (ngokuqhelekileyo akukho ngaphezu kwe-100 ohms).
Relay kunye nebhokisi ye-fuse
Ezinye iimpawu (i-voltage yokubonelela, ngamaxesha athile ama-currents) asetyenziswa kwi-relay house, okanye inxalenye yokumakisha kwayo.Kwakhona kwimeko kukho umzobo we-schematic we-relay kunye nenjongo yee-terminals zayo (kwiimeko ezininzi, iinombolo zezikhonkwane ezihambelana namanani ngokomzobo we-schematic wenkqubo yombane yeemoto ezithile nazo zibonisiwe).Oku kuququzelela kakhulu ukhetho kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-electromagnetic relays emotweni.
Indlela yokukhetha kunye nokubuyisela i-electromagnetic relay
Ukuhanjiswa kweemoto kuxhomekeke kwimithwalo ebalulekileyo yombane kunye noomatshini, ngoko ke bayasilela ngamaxesha athile.Ukuchithwa kwe-relay kubonakaliswe ngokungaphumeleli kwanoma ziphi na izixhobo okanye iisekethe zenkqubo yombane yeemoto.Ukuphelisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle, i-relay kufuneka ikhutshwe kwaye ihlolwe (ubuncinci nge-ohmmeter okanye i-probe), kwaye ukuba i-breakdown ifunyenwe, yifake endaweni entsha.
I-relay entsha kufuneka ibe yohlobo olufanayo kunye nemodeli njengoko isetyenziswe ngaphambili.Isixhobo kufuneka silungele ngokweempawu zombane (unikezelo lwamandla, i-actuation kunye nokukhululwa kwe-voltage, okwangoku kwisiphaluka esitshintshiweyo) kunye nenani labafowunelwa.Ukuba bekukho i-resistor okanye i-diode kwi-relay endala, ngoko kuyinqweneleka ukuba bekhona kwintsha entsha.Ukutshintshwa kwe-Relay kwenziwa ngokususa nje inxalenye endala kunye nokufaka entsha endaweni yayo;Ukuba kukho isibiyeli, ngoko ke esinye isikrufu / ibholithi kufuneka sikhululwe kwaye siqiniswe.Ngokukhetha okufanelekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-relay, izixhobo zombane zemoto ziya kuqala ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-14-2023