Kuyo nayiphi na ibhokisi yegiya, njengakuzo zonke izixhobo zoomatshini ezinamacandelo ajikelezayo, kukho iibheringi eziqengqelekayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-12 okanye ngaphezulu.Funda konke malunga neebheringi zebhokisi, iintlobo zazo, uyilo kunye neempawu, kunye nokukhetha okuchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwezi nxalenye kwinqaku.
Yintoni ukuthwala ibhokisi yegiya?
Ukuthwala i-gearbox (ibhokisi yebhokisi) - inxalenye yebhokisi yezixhobo zemoto;ukuqengqeleka koyilo olunye okanye olunye, olusebenza njengenkxaso yeeshafu kunye neegiya zebhokisi yegiya.
Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwayo, inani leegiya, indlela yokuhambisa i-torque phakathi kwezinto kunye noyilo, ukusuka kwi-4 ukuya kwi-12 okanye ngaphezulu kweebheringi zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zingasetyenziswa kwibhokisi yegiya.Iibheringi zixazulula iingxaki ezininzi:
● Ukwenza imisebenzi yenkxaso yazo zonke okanye kuphela iishafti zomntu ngamnye (kwiimeko ezininzi - izixhaso ezimbini kuzo zonke iishafti, kwezinye iibhokisi iiskim ezilula okanye ezintsonkothileyo - enye inkxaso ye-input shaft, ezintathu ezixhasa i-shaft yesibini, njl. njl.) ;
● Ukusebenza njengenkxaso yezixhobo ezifakwe kwi-shaft yesibini (kwiibhokisi zebhokisi ezinezixhobo ezihambelanayo kunye nezixhobo ezijikelezayo ezikhululekile kwi-shaft yesibini);
● Ukunciphisa imikhosi ekhuphisanayo kwi-shaft kunye nenkxaso yegiya (ukunciphisa ilahleko ye-torque ekuhanjisweni, ukunciphisa ukufudumeza kwamalungu ayo).
Ukusetyenziswa kweebheringi kuqinisekisa ukufakwa okuchanekileyo kwezinto ezihambayo zebhokisi yebhokisi kwaye kunciphisa kakhulu amandla okubetha avela phakathi kwezi nxalenye.Imeko kunye neempawu zeebheringi zimisela ukusebenza kwebhokisi yegiya, ukukwazi kwayo ukuhambisa kunye nokutshintsha itorque, kwaye ngokubanzi iqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwesithuthi.Ngoko ke, iibheringi ezigugileyo nezineziphene kufuneka zitshintshwe, kwaye ukuze wenze ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwala malungu, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda ukuyila kwabo, iintlobo kunye nokusebenza.
Iintlobo, uyilo kunye neempawu zeebheringi zebhokisi
Kwimoto, itrektara kunye nezinye iibhokisi zegiya zothutho, iibheringi eziqhelekileyo zodidi oluphambili ziyasetyenziswa:
● Umgca omnye weradial kunye neebhola zoqhagamshelwano;
● Uqhagamshelwano lwe-angular yebhola emqolo emibini;
● Iirola ezinomqolo omnye;
● Roller conical umqolo omnye;
● I-roller inaliti yomqolo omnye kunye nomqolo ophindwe kabini.
Nganye kwiintlobo zeebheringi zineempawu zayo kunye nokusebenza kwiibhokisi zegiya.
Iibhola zeradial ezinomqolo omnye.Ezona bheringi zixhaphakileyo ezinokusetyenziswa njengenkxaso yazo zonke iishafu zebhokisi yegiya.Ngokwesakhiwo, iqulethwe ngamakhonkco amabini, phakathi kwayo kukho umqolo weebhola zensimbi kwi-separator.Ngamanye amaxesha iibhola zigutyungelwe ngentsimbi okanye amakhonkco eplastiki ukukhusela ukulahleka kwe-lubrication.Iibheringi zolu hlobo zisebenza ngcono kwiibhokisi ezilayishwe kancinci kwiimoto kunye nezithuthuthu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zikwafumaneka kwezinye iishafti zeebhokisi zempahla.
Iibhola zomqhagamshelwano ezinomqolo omnye.Ezi bheringi zihlala zibona imithwalo ye-radial kunye ne-axial, zihlala zisetyenziswa njengenkxaso yangasemva ye-shafts esisiseko kunye neyesibini, ethi ngexesha lokusebenza kwebhokisi yegiya inokubekwa phantsi kwemithwalo ejoliswe ecaleni kwe-axis (ngenxa yentshukumo ye-synchronizers kunye nogxininiso lwabo. kwiigiya).Ngokwesakhiwo, i-angular contact beararing ifana ne-radial bear, kodwa iindandatho zayo zinezithintelo ezithintela isakhiwo ukuba singawi phantsi kwemithwalo ye-axial.
Ibhola ekrozi kabini ukutyhala kwe-angular.Iibheringi zolu hlobo zixhathisa ngakumbi kwimithwalo ephezulu, ngoko ke zidla ngokusetyenziswa njengenkxaso yangasemva kwi-primary kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-shaft ephakathi.Ngoyilo, iibheringi ezinjalo zifana neebheringi zomqolo omnye, kodwa zisebenzisa amakhonkco abanzi kunye nokumisa ngaphandle kweebhola.
Iroli yomqolo omnye weradial.Ezi iibheringi zinokusebenza phantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu kuneebheringi zebhola, ngoko ke zisetyenziswa njengenkxaso yazo zonke izibonda kwibhokisi yezixhobo zemoto - iilori, iitrektara, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, oomatshini bezolimo, njl njl. Ngokwesakhiwo, iibheringi zolu hlobo zifana neebheringi zebhola. , kodwa basebenzisa i-roller njengezinto eziqengqelekayo - iisilinda ezimfutshane, kunye nekheji, ezifakwe phakathi kwamakhonkco anemigangatho yangaphakathi ecaba.
Roller conical umqolo omnye kunye nomqolo ophindwe kabini.Iibheringi zolu hlobo ngokuqhelekileyo zibona imithwalo ye-radial kunye ne-axial, ngelixa zixhatshazwa kakhulu kwimithwalo ephezulu kuneebhola zebhola.Iibheringi ezinjalo zidla ngokusetyenziswa njengezixhaso zangasemva nangaphambili zazo zonke iishafti, iibhereyidi ezinetape eziphindwe kabini zisetyenziswa kwizixhaso zangasemva zeeshafu eziziiprayimari nezesekondari.Uyilo lwale mveliso lusebenzisa i-roller tapered, efakwe phakathi kwamakhonkco amabini anemigangatho yangaphakathi e-beveled.
I-roller inaliti yomqolo omnye kunye nomqolo ophindwe kabini.Iibheringi zolu hlobo, ngenxa yoyilo lwazo, zinemilinganiselo emincinci enokuchasana okuphezulu kwimithwalo ye-radial - oku kufezekiswa ngokusebenzisa i-roller encinci ye-diameter (inaliti) njengemizimba yokujikeleza, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukongeza ngokushiya amakhonkco kunye / okanye iikheji.Ngokuqhelekileyo, iibheringi zeenaliti zisetyenziswa njengenkxaso yegiya kwi-shaft yesibini, njengenkxaso ye-shaft yesibini (xa inzwane yayo ibekwe ekupheleni kwe-shaft yokufaka), ngaphantsi kwe-countershaft.
Ukuqhamisa ibhola
Ukuthwala i-roller
Ukuthwala i-roller tapered
Inaliti yomqolo ophindwe kabini
Iibhokisi zegiya zinokusebenzisa iibheringi zohlobo olufanayo, okanye iibheringi ezininzi zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo.Ngokomzekelo, kwi-KP Moskvich-2140 ifakwe kuphela iibheringi ezintathu zebhola ze-radial - zibambe i-shafts eziziiprayimari nezesekondari, kwaye i-intermediate ifakwe kwibhokisi yezindlu ngaphandle kweebherethi eziqengqelekayo.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwi-VAZ "Classic", i-shafts isekelwe kwi-deep groove ball bearings, nangona kunjalo, ukuthwala inaliti kusetyenziswa kwinkxaso yangaphambili ye-shaft yesibini, kwaye i-shaft ephakathi ifakwe kwi-roller radial. inkxaso yangasemva) kunye nebhola elinemigca emibini (inkxaso yangaphambili).Kwaye kwiibhokisi ezinezixhobo ezijikelezayo ngokukhululekileyo kwi-shaft yesibini, iibheringi zeenaliti zongezwa zisetyenziswa ngokwenani leegiya.Kwimeko nganye, abaqulunqi bakhetha ezo bheringi ezibonelela ngezona ndlela zisebenzayo zeeshafts kunye neegesi zebhokisi, kuxhomekeke kwimithwalo kunye neempawu zokusebenza zeyunithi.
Zonke iibheringi ze-KP zenziwe ngokuhambelana nemigangatho echaza imilinganiselo kunye neempawu zamalungu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ubugcisa babo bemveliso kunye neempawu.Okokuqala, imveliso isekelwe kumgangatho weGOST 520-2011 oqhelekileyo kwiibheringi eziqengqelekayo, kwaye uhlobo ngalunye lokuthwala luhambelana nomgangatho walo (umzekelo, iibheringi zebhola eziqhelekileyo ze-radial - GOST 8338-75, iibheringi zeenaliti - GOST 4657-82 , iibheringi ze-radial roller - GOST 8328-75, njl.).
Imiba yokhetho oluchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kweebheringi zebhokisi
Ukutshintshwa kweebheringi zebhokisi
Njengomthetho, imisebenzi yokugcinwa kwesiqhelo ayibandakanyi ukutshintshwa kweebhoksi zebhokisi - oku kwenziwa njengoko kuyimfuneko xa kwenzeka ukugqoka okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwamacandelo.Isidingo sokwenza olo lungiso sinokubonakaliswa ngengxolo yangaphandle kunye nokunkqonkqoza kwibhokisi yegiya, ukucinywa ngokuzenzekelayo nokuvala iigiyeri, i-clutch engasebenzi kakuhle okanye exineneyo kwaye, ngokubanzi, ukuwohloka komsebenzi wothumelo.Kuzo zonke ezi meko, kuyimfuneko ukwenza ukuxilongwa, kwaye ukuba kufunyenwe ukungasebenzi kakuhle, tshintsha iibheringi.
Iibheringi zezo ntlobo kuphela kunye nobukhulu obufakwe kwibhokisi ngumenzi kufuneka kuthathwe ukutshintshwa.Ukukhethwa kweebheringi ezifanelekileyo kwenziwa kakuhle kwiikhathalogu zecandelo okanye kwiincwadi ezikhethekileyo zeereferensi, ezibonisa amanani ekhathalogu kunye neentlobo zazo zonke iibheringi zale bhokisi ethile, kunye nee-analogues ezamkelekileyo zamacandelo.Unokuthenga iibheringi ngokwahlukileyo, kodwa kwezinye iimeko - umzekelo, ukulungiswa okukhulu kwebhokisi - kunengqiqo ukuthenga iiseti ezipheleleyo zeengxenye zemodeli ethile yeyunithi.
Ukutshintshwa kweebheringi kwiimeko ezininzi kufuna ukuchithwa kunye nokuchithwa ngokupheleleyo kwebhokisi yegiya (ngaphandle kokutshintshwa kwe-shaft yokufaka igalelo kwezinye iibhokisi zegiya, apho iyunithi kufuneka ikhutshwe kuphela emotweni, kodwa ayifuni ukuchithwa. ).Lo msebenzi unzima kwaye ufuna ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa (abatsala), ngoko ke kungcono ukuthembela kwiingcali.Ukuba ukulungiswa kwebhokisi kwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo, ke iyunithi iya kuyeka ukudala iingxaki, ukwandisa ukuphatha kunye nokuthuthuzela imoto.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-26-2023