Kwiimoto zanamhlanje kunye neebhasi, izixhobo zokukhanyisa izibane ezidibeneyo - izibane zebhloko - zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.Funda malunga nokuba yintoni iyunithi yokukhanya kwentloko, ihluke njani kwisibane esiqhelekileyo, luhlobo luni, lusebenza njani, kunye nokukhethwa kwezi zixhobo - funda kweli nqaku.
Yintoni isibane?
Iyunithi yesibane sentloko sisixhobo sokukhanyisa sombane esinezibane zentloko kunye nezinye (okanye zonke) zezibane zesignali eziza kubekwa ngaphambili kwisithuthi.Iyunithi yokukhanyisa idizayini enye, kulula ukuyifaka kunye nokuqhaqha, igcina indawo kwaye inika imbonakalo ekhangayo yemoto.
Iyunithi yesibane sentloko inokudibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo zokukhanyisa iimoto:
• Izibane zentloko eziditshiwe;
• Izibane eziphezulu ze-beam;
• Iimpawu zezalathiso;
• Izibane zokupaka ngaphambili;
• Izibane zasemini (i-DRL).
Izibane eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo kunye ne-beam ephantsi kunye nephezulu, isalathisi sesalathiso kunye nokukhanya kwecala, i-DRL ikulungele ngakumbi ukufaka ngaphantsi kwezinga lezibane, kulo mzekelo zihambelana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zeGOST.Izibane zenkungu azidityaniswanga kwiyunithi yokukhanya, ekubeni ukufakwa kwazo kwimoto akufunwa.
Iintlobo kunye neempawu zezibane
Izibane zentloko zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela ngokomgaqo wokubunjwa kombane wokukhanya osetyenziswa kwi-head optics, ukucwangciswa kunye nenani lezixhobo zokukhanyisa, uhlobo lwemithombo yokukhanya efakiweyo (izibane) kunye nezinye iimpawu zoyilo.
Ngokwenani lezixhobo zokukhanyisa, izibane zahlulwe zibe ziindidi ezininzi:
• I-Standard - i-headlight iquka i-optics yentloko, isalathisi sesalathiso kunye nesibane sokupaka ngaphambili;
• Ukwandiswa - ngaphezu kwezixhobo zokukhanyisa ezingentla, ii-DRL zifakwe kwi-headlight.
Kwangaxeshanye, izibane zebhlokhi zinokuba noqwalaselo olwahlukileyo lwezixhobo zokukhanyisa:
• I-Optics yentloko - i-headlamp edibeneyo edibeneyo ephantsi kunye nephezulu, imithombo yokukhanya ehlukeneyo yemigangatho ephantsi kunye nephezulu, kunye nokudityaniswa kwesibane esidibeneyo kunye nesibane esongezelelweyo esiphezulu singasetyenziswa;
• Izibane zokupaka zangaphambili - zinokwenziwa kwicandelo elihlukeneyo leyunithi yokukhanya kwentloko (ibe ne-reflector yayo kunye ne-diffuser), okanye ibekwe ngokuthe ngqo kwisibane esikhulu, ecaleni kwesibane esikhulu;
• Izibane ezilayita emini - zingenziwa ngohlobo lwezibane ezizimeleyo kwicandelo lazo lezibane, kodwa amaxesha amaninzi zithatha imo yeteyiphu ezantsi kwesibane okanye imisesane ejikeleze izibane.Njengomthetho, ii-DRL ze-LED zisetyenziselwa izibane zebhloko.
Ngokomgaqo wokwenza umqadi okhanyayo kwi-optics yentloko yezibane, iyunithi, njengesiqhelo, yahlulwe yangamaqela amabini amakhulu:
• I-reflective (i-reflex) - ezona zixhobo zokukhanyisa ezilula ezisetyenziswa kubuchwepheshe beemoto kwiminyaka emininzi.I-headlamp enjalo ixhotyiswe nge-parabolic okanye i-reflector eyinkimbinkimbi (i-reflector), eqokelela kwaye ibonise ukukhanya ukusuka kwisibane ukuya phambili, iqinisekisa ukubunjwa komda ofunekayo wokunqunyulwa;
• Izibane zokukhangela (uqikelelo, i-lensed) - izixhobo ezinzima ngakumbi eziye zaziwa kakhulu kwiminyaka elishumi edlulileyo.Isibane esinjalo sine-elliptical reflector kunye ne-lens efakwe phambi kwayo, le nkqubo yonke iqokelela ukukhanya kwisibane kwaye yenza i-beam enamandla kunye nomda ofunekayo wokunqunyulwa.
Izibane ezikhanyayo zilula kwaye zinexabiso eliphantsi, kodwa izibane zokukhangela zenza umtha wokukhanya onamandla ngakumbi, zinemilinganiselo emincinci.Ukukhula kokuthandwa kwezibane zesikhukula kukwangenxa yokuba zifaneleke kakhulu kwizibane ze-xenon.
I-Lenticular optics
Ngokohlobo lwezibane zentloko ezisetyenzisiweyo, izibane zebhloko zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezine:
• Izibane ze-incandescent - izibane ezidala zeemoto zasekhaya, namhlanje ezisetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kuphela;
• Izibane ze-halogen - izibane eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo namhlanje, zidibanisa ixabiso eliphantsi, amandla aphezulu okukhanya okukhanyayo kunye nokuthembeka;
• Kwizibane ze-xenon zokukhupha igesi - izibane zanamhlanje ezibiza kakhulu ezibonelela ngokukhanya okukhulu kokukhanya;
• Izibane ze-LED - ezona zikhanyiso zincinci ziqhelekileyo namhlanje, zinexabiso eliphezulu, nangona zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala zihlala.
Izibane zanamhlanje ezihlangabezana nemigangatho yangoku zohlulwe zibe ziindidi ezimbini ngokohlobo lwesalathiso esidityanisiweyo:
• Isalathisi somkhomba-ndlela esinedifuser ekhanyelayo (emhlophe) - isibane esinebhalbhu yeamber kufuneka sisetyenziswe kweso sibane sentloko;
• Isalathisi somkhomba-ndlela esinedifuser emthubi - eso sibane sisebenzisa isibane esinebhalbhu ekhanyayo (engapeyintwayo).
Ekugqibeleni, izibane zebhloko kwiimarike ziyasebenza, ezininzi zezi zixhobo zinokufakwa kuphela kwiimoto zoluhlu olufanayo lwemodeli, ngaphezu koko, ukuyila kwezibane ezininzi kuphuhliswa ngabanye kwimodeli enye yemoto.Konke oku kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa ukhetha kunye nokuthenga iyunithi yesibane semoto.
Uyilo kunye neempawu zezibane zangaphambili
Zonke izibane zala maxesha zinoyilo olufanayo ngokusisiseko, zahluke kuphela kwiinkcukacha.Ngokubanzi, isixhobo siqulethe ezi zinto zilandelayo:
I-1.Izindlu - isakhiwo esithwala umthwalo apho ezinye iinqununu zifakwe khona;
I-2.I-Reflector okanye i-reflectors - izibonakaliso zokukhanya kwentloko kunye nezinye izixhobo zokukhanyisa, zinokudibaniswa kwisakhiwo esisodwa okanye zenziwe ngendlela yamacandelo ahlukeneyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ayenziwe ngeplastiki kwaye abe nesibuko sesibuko se-metalized;
I-3.I-Diffuser yiglasi okanye ipaneli yeplastiki yesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi esikhusela iindawo zangaphakathi zokukhanya (izibane kunye ne-reflector) kwiimpembelelo ezimbi zendalo, kwaye zithatha inxaxheba ekubunjweni kokukhanya okukhanyayo.Inokuthi yomelele okanye yohlulwe ibe ngamacandelo.Umphezulu wangaphakathi ugutyungelwe, icandelo eliphezulu le-boam linokuba ligudileyo;
4.Imithombo yokukhanya - izibane zolunye uhlobo okanye olunye;
5.Izikhonkwane zokulungisa - ezibekwe ngasemva kwesibane, eziyimfuneko ukulungelelanisa izibane.
Izibane ze-searchlight-type headlights zihluke kwi-design, zongezelela i-lens yokuqokelela efakwe phambi kwesibonisi, kunye neskrini esishukumayo (ikhethini, i-hood) kunye ne-drive mechanism esekelwe kwi-electromagnet.Isikrini sitshintsha ukukhanya okukhanyayo ukusuka kwisibane, ukubonelela ngokutshintsha phakathi kwe-beam ephantsi kunye nephezulu.Ngokuqhelekileyo, izibane ze-xenon zinoyilo olunjalo.
Kwakhona, izinto ezongezelelweyo zinokufumaneka kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zezibane:
• Kwizibane zangaphambili ze-xenon - iyunithi ye-elektroniki yokutshisa kunye nokulawula isibane se-xenon;
• Isilungisi sombane sombane - i-motor elungiselelwe ukulungelelanisa i-headlight ngokuthe ngqo kwimoto, esetyenziselwa ukufezekisa ukulungelelaniswa kwesalathiso sombane wokukhanya kungakhathaliseki ukuba umthwalo wemoto kunye neemeko zokuqhuba.
Ukufakwa kweeyunithi zokukhanya kwimoto kuqhutyelwa, njengomthetho, kunye nezikrini ezimbini okanye ezintathu kunye ne-latches ngokusebenzisa i-gaskets yokutywinwa, iifreyimu zingasetyenziselwa ukufezekisa umphumo othile wokuhlobisa.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuveliswa kwezibane, ukucwangciswa kwazo, ukubunjwa kwezixhobo zokukhanyisa kunye neempawu zilawulwa ngokungqongqo, kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho (GOST R 41.48-2004 kunye nabanye), eboniswa emzimbeni wabo okanye i-diffuser.
Ukukhethwa kunye nokusebenza kwezibane zangaphambili
Ukukhethwa kweeyunithi zokukhanya kwentloko kulinganiselwe, kuba uninzi lwezi mveliso zokukhanyisa kwiimodeli ezahlukeneyo zemoto (kwaye kaninzi kwiinguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zemodeli efanayo) azihambelani kwaye azitshintshi.Ngoko ke, kufuneka uthenge izibane zezo ntlobo kunye neenombolo zekhathalogu ezilungiselelwe le moto.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukho iqela elikhulu lezibane zendalo ezinokuthi zifakwe endaweni yezibane eziqhelekileyo okanye izibane eziqhelekileyo kwiimoto zasekhaya, iilori kunye neebhasi.Kule meko, kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kwiimpawu zokukhanya kwentloko, ukucwangciswa kwayo kunye nokumakisha.Ngokutsho kweempawu, yonke into ilula - kufuneka ukhethe izibane ze-12 okanye i-24 V (kuxhomekeke kwi-voltage yokubonelela kwinethiwekhi yesithuthi).Ngokubhekiselele kuqwalaselo, isibane sentloko siya kuqulatha amacandelo okukhanyisa ekufuneka abekho kwisithuthi.
Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kuhlobo lomthombo wokukhanya kwi-headlight - ingaba isibane se-halogen, i-xenon okanye ii-LED.Ngokwemigangatho, izibane ze-xenon zingasetyenziselwa izibane zentloko ezenzelwe kuphela olu hlobo lomthombo wokukhanya.Oko kukuthi, ukuzifakela i-xenon kwizibane eziqhelekileyo akuvumelekanga - oku kugcwele izohlwayo ezinzulu.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuyahambelana neentlobo ezithile zezibane, kufuneka ujonge ukumakisha kwayo.Ithuba lokufaka i-xenon ibonakaliswe ekumakishweni ngoonobumba i-DC (i-beam ephantsi), i-DR (i-high beam) okanye i-DC / R (i-beam ephantsi kunye nephezulu).Izibane zentloko zezibane zehalogen ziphawulwe ngokulandelelanayo HC, HR kunye neHC/R.Zonke izibane zentloko ezibonelelweyo kwesi sibane ziphawulwe.Ngokomzekelo, ukuba kukho isibane esinye se-halogen kunye nesibane esinye se-xenon kwi-headlight, ngoko kuya kuphawulwa ngohlobo lwe-HC / R DC / R, ukuba isibane esinye se-halogen kunye nezibane ezimbini ze-xenon ziyi-HC / R DC DR, njl.
Ngokukhetha okufanelekileyo kwezibane, imoto iya kufumana zonke izixhobo zokukhanyisa eziyimfuneko, iya kuhambelana nemimiselo yangoku kwaye iqinisekise ukhuseleko ezindleleni nangaliphi na ixesha lemini okanye ebusuku.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-21-2023