Izithuthi ziya ngokuya zixhotyiswe ngemithombo yokukhanya yanamhlanje - izibane zeemoto ze-LED.Yonke into malunga nezi zibane, iimpawu zabo zokuyila, iintlobo ezikhoyo, iileyibhile kunye nokusetyenziswa, kunye nokukhetha okuchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwezibane ze-LED, kuchazwe kule nto.
Injongo yezibane zeemoto ze-LED
Isibane se-Automotive LED (isibane se-LED, isibane se-LED) ngumthombo wokukhanya wombane osekelwe kwii-diodes ezikhupha ukukhanya (i-LED) ezisetyenziselwa izibane kunye nezixhobo zokukhanyisa izithuthi.
Kwizithuthi zanamhlanje, iitrektara kunye noomatshini abahlukeneyo kukho ishumi elinambini lemithombo yokukhanya- izibane zentloko, izikhombisi zendlela, izibane zebrake, izibane zokupaka, izibane zasemini, ukukhanya kweplate yelayisenisi, izibane zenkungu, izibane zangaphakathi (kubandakanya ukukhanya kwegumbi legloves), izibane zesiqu, ideshibhodi. izibane, njl. Kwiminyaka emininzi, izibane ze-incandescent zeendlela ezahlukeneyo zoyilo zisetyenzisiwe, kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje ziye zatshintshwa ngakumbi yimithombo yokukhanya ye-semiconductor - izibane ze-LED.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezibane ze-LED kwizithuthi kuneenzuzo ezintathu eziphambili:
● Ukucuthwa kokusetyenziswa kwamandla - ii-LED ezinamandla akhanyayo anokuthelekiswa nezibane ze-incandescent zisebenzisa ngokuphawulekayo okuncinci okwangoku;
● Ukonyuka kwesithuba senkonzo yokugcinwa kwezibane - ii-LED zinezixhobo eziphindaphinda amaxesha amaninzi kunezibane ze-incandescent, ngoko ke zifuna ukutshintshwa kancinane (kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, zinciphisa iindleko zokuthenga izibane ezitsha);
● Ukuphucula ukuthembeka kwezixhobo zokukhanyisa - ii-bulbs ze-LED zizakhiwo eziqinileyo ezingenazo iifilaments, ngoko ke zixhathisa ukungcangcazela kunye nokuphazamiseka.
Okwangoku, ziveliswa izibane ze-LED ezinokuthi zitshintshe ngokupheleleyo izibane ze-incandescent kwimoto.Nangona kunjalo, ukhetho oluchanekileyo lwale mithombo yokukhanya, kufuneka uqonde iimpawu zabo zokuyila, iimpawu kunye ne-plinth.
Uyilo kunye neempawu ze-LED zeeMoto zezibane
Ngokwesakhiwo, izibane zeemoto ze-LED zibandakanya amacandelo amathathu: indlu apho i-LED enye okanye ngaphezulu ifakwe khona, kunye nesiseko sokufaka isibane kwi-socket.Isibane sisekelwe kwii-LED zokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - izixhobo zombane ezisekelwe kwikristale yezinto ze-semiconductor (idla ngokuphindaphindiweyo i-gallium nitride eguqulelwe nge-indium), apho i-pn junction yenziwe, kwaye i-phosphor isetyenziswe kwindawo yokukhupha.Xa okwangoku kudlula kwi-LED, utshintsho lwayo lukhupha umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oguqulwa ngumaleko we-phosphor kumhlophe.Kwizibane zamandla aphantsi, ii-LED ze-1-3 zisetyenzisiweyo, kwizibane ezikhanyayo - ukuya kwii-LED ezingama-25 okanye ngaphezulu.
Ii-LED zifakwe kwi-insulating plate okanye izindlu ezenziwe ngezinto zokukhusela, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo ziyakwazi ukukhuselwa ngendlela ye-bulb yeglasi (njengezibane eziqhelekileyo ze-incandescent).Indibano ye-LED enjalo ixhunywe kwisiseko sesinyithi okanye seplastiki, apho ikhoyo inikezelwa kwii-LED ukusuka kwindlela yombane yesithuthi.
Iibhalbhu ze-LED zemoto
Kwezinye iintlobo zezibane, amandla abalulekileyo okushisa anokuchithwa, okukhokelela ekufudumeni kunye nokungaphumeleli.Ukususa ubushushu kwizibane ezinjalo, iinxalenye ezongezelelweyo zingeniswa kuyilo - iinkqubo zokupholisa ezisebenzayo nezisebenzayo.Ukupholisa okungahambiyo kunikezelwa ngeeheatsinks ze-aluminium ezibekwe kwelinye icala lendibano ye-LED.I-heatsink idla ngokuba ne-fins, eyandisa indawo yenxalenye kwaye iphucula ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu nge-convection.I-Radiators ixhotyiswe ngezibane zokukhanyisa ezisezantsi-kwi-salon shades, izibane ezisebenza emini, izibane zenkungu, njl.
Iinkqubo zokupholisa ezisebenzayo zakhiwe ngesiseko se-radiator kunye ne-fan, ebonelela ngokuvuthela okukhulu kwe-radiator ukususa ubushushu obugqithisileyo kuyo.I-fan inokusebenza rhoqo xa isibane sivuliwe, okanye ilawulwe ngokuzenzekela okubeka esweni ubushushu besixhobo.Iinkqubo zokupholisa ezisebenzayo zixhotyiswe ngezibane ezinamandla zokukhanyisa izibane zentloko.
Izibane zemoto ze-LED ziyafumaneka kwii-voltages zokubonelela eziqhelekileyo - 6, 12 kunye ne-24 V, zinamandla eeyunithi ze-watts, ubukhulu becala zitshintshana ngokupheleleyo kunye nezibane ze-incandescent.
Ukumakisha kunye neziseko zezibane ze-LED
Kufuneka kucaciswe ngokukhawuleza ukuba izibane zeemoto ze-LED ziveliswa ngeentlobo ezifanayo ze-caps njengezibane eziqhelekileyo ze-incandescent - oku kwenza ukuba kube lula ukufaka zombini iintlobo zokukhanya kwezibane kwisithuthi ngaphandle kokuguqula inkqubo yombane.Ngexesha elifanayo, ekumakishweni kwezibane ze-LED, unokufumana amagama amaninzi - uhlobo lwesiseko kunye nohlobo lwesibane esifanayo se-incandescent.Ukumakisha okunjalo kuququzelela ukukhethwa kwezinto zokukhanyisa, ukuba kuyimfuneko, indawo yesibane se-incandescent kunye ne-LED enye okanye ngokuphambeneyo.
Kwilizwe lethu, kukho imigangatho emininzi yezibane, phakathi kwazo yimigangatho ye-interstate yeziseko GOST IEC 60061-1-2014 (isebenza kwimithombo yokukhanya yazo zonke iintlobo, kubandakanywa iimoto, indlu, njl.).Ngokuhambelana nolu xwebhu kunye nemigangatho efanayo yaseYurophu (i-IEC kunye ne-DIN), izibane zemoto zinokuba nezi ntlobo zilandelayo ze-caps:
● I-BA - ipini (i-bayonet), izikhonkwane zifumaneka ngokulinganayo ngokumalunga nomnye;
● I-BAY - ipini (i-bayonet), enye ipini iguqulwa ekuphakameni ngokubhekiselele kwenye;
● I-BAZ - ipini (i-bayonet), enye ipini iguqulwa ekuphakameni kunye ne-radius ngokubhekiselele kwenye;
● E - ifakwe imisonto (engasetyenziswanga kwiimoto zanamhlanje);
● P - flanged;
● I-SV - isibane se-soffit esinesiseko esinamacala amabini;
● I-W - izibane ezinesiseko seglasi, ngokumalunga nezibane ze-LED - ezinesiseko seplastiki (ngokuqhelekileyo zibizwa ngokuba zizibane ngaphandle kwesiseko).
Iindidi zeziseko kunye nokusebenza kwezibane ze-LED zeemoto
Isalathiso samanani sokumakisha sibonisa ububanzi okanye ububanzi besiseko, kwaye unobumba emva kwenombolo ubonisa ezinye iimpawu zoyilo.Ngokomzekelo, isiseko se-BA15s esiqhelekileyo sisisiseko se-pin ye-15 mm ububanzi kunye nezikhonkwane ezimbini ezicwangcisiweyo kunye nomnxeba omnye okhokelayo, uqhagamshelwano lwesibini ludlalwa ngeglasi yesiseko.Kwaye i-BA15d isiseko esifanayo, kodwa kunye nabafowunelwa ababini abahamba phambili (ejikelezayo okanye i-oval), indima yoqhagamshelwano lwesithathu nayo idlalwe ngeglasi yesiseko.
Ngokuhambelana nokumakishwa kwee-caps, ukuphawula okufana nokumakishwa kwezibane eziqhelekileyo ze-automotive incandescent nazo zisetyenziswa.Ngokomzekelo, izibane ze-T5 kunye ne-T10 zizibane ezincinci ze-cap ezisebenzisa i-W5W uhlobo lwe-caps.Isiseko esinjalo senziwe ngendlela yeplate yeplastiki, kumacala omabini apho unxibelelwano lweengcingo ezimbini luboniswa.Izibane zeSoffit zihlala zichongwa njengeC5W kunye neFT10.Kwaye ukumakishwa kwezibane ze-LED ziphawulwe ngezibane ze-halogen - ukusuka kwi-H1 ukuya kwi-H11, i-HB1, i-HB3, i-HB4, njl.
Kufuneka kwakhona ucacise ukuba ezinye iindidi zezibane ziphawulwe ngedijithali.Umzekelo, i-BA15 plinths kweminye imigangatho ibhalwe "1156/1157", i-wide plinths W21 ibhalwe "7440/7443", njl.
Indlela yokukhetha kunye nokutshintsha isibane se-LED yemoto
Xa ukhetha isibane se-LED (okanye izibane ezininzi) kwimoto, kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo uhlobo lwesiseko kunye neempawu zombane zokukhanyisa izibane.Njengomthetho, imiyalelo yokusebenza, ukulungiswa kunye nokugcinwa kwesithuthi kubonisa uhlobo lwemithombo yokukhanya esetyenzisiweyo kunye neziseko zabo - le yimiyalelo ekufuneka ilandelwe xa kuthengwa.Kwakhona kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo i-voltage yenethiwekhi ye-board-board yesithuthi, kwaye ukhethe izibane ezifanelekileyo.
Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe ekukhethweni kwezibane nge-bayonet (pin) iziseko kunye nezibane ze-soffit.Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, iikepusi ze-BA, BAY kunye ne-BAZ zinokuba yi-single-pin ("s" marking) kunye ne-design-pin ("d" marking) yoyilo, kwaye azitshintshi.Ngexesha elifanayo, izibane ezineengqungquthela ezimbini ezijikelezayo kunye ne-oval zingafakwa kwi-cartridge efanayo ngaphandle kwezithintelo.Ukuze ugweme impazamo, kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo ekumakishweni ngokupheleleyo komthombo wokukhanya.
Izibane zemoto ze-LED
Izibane ze-Soffit zineziseko ezifanayo kunye nobubanzi be-7 mm (isiseko se-SV7, uhlobo lwe-C10W) kunye ne-8.5 mm (isiseko se-SV8.5, uhlobo lwe-C5W), kwaye luhluke ngobude - bunokuba ngu-31, 36 no-41 mm.
Ekugqibeleni, xa ukhetha izibane ze-LED zezalathisi zesikhokelo kunye nezibane zokupaka, kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo ukuba zimhlophe kunye ne-amber (i-orenji).Ekumakishweni kwezibane zodidi lwesibini, unobumba "Y" ("ophuzi") ngokuqinisekileyo ukhona, banebhalbhu okanye isihluzo esinombala we-amber, onika umlilo umbala ofunekayo usebenzisa i-diffuser ebonakalayo.
Ukutshintshwa kwezibane ze-LED kuqhutyelwa ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokulungiswa nokugcinwa kwesithuthi.Xa usenza lo msebenzi, kuyimfuneko ukunciphisa amandla kwinethiwekhi yesithuthi.Ukutshintshwa kwemithombo yokukhanya ngokuqhelekileyo kwehla ekuqhawuleni isibane sokukhanyisa (ukuqhawula isilingi okanye i-diffuser, kwimeko yezibane, ukuziqhawula kunye / okanye ukuqhawula ngokuyinxenye), ukufakela isibane kwisokethi efanelekileyo, kunye nokusidibanisa kwakhona.
Ukuba isibane se-LED sikhethwe kwaye sifakwe ngokuchanekileyo, ngoko ukukhanya kwayo kuya kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokukhuselekileyo kwesithuthi iminyaka emininzi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-12-2023