Ukubeka iliso kuxinzelelo kwinkqubo yokuthambisa yenye yeemeko zokusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-injini yokutsha yangaphakathi.Izinzwa ezikhethekileyo zisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa uxinzelelo - funda konke malunga nezinzwa zoxinzelelo lweoyile, iintlobo zazo, uyilo, umgaqo wokusebenza, kunye nokukhetha kwazo okuchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwinqaku.
Yintoni inzwa yoxinzelelo lweoyile?
Inzwa yoxinzelelo lweoyile yinto enovelwano yezixhobo kunye nezixhobo ze-alamu zenkqubo yokuthambisa yokubuyisela iinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi;Inzwa yokulinganisa uxinzelelo kwinkqubo yokuthambisa kunye nokubonakalisa ukuncipha kwayo ngaphantsi kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo.
Izinzwa zoxinzelelo lweoyile zenza imisebenzi emibini ephambili:
• Ukulumkisa umqhubi malunga noxinzelelo lwe-oyile ephantsi kwinkqubo;
• I-alamu malunga ne-oyile ephantsi / engekho kwisistim;
• Ukulawulwa koxinzelelo lwe-oyile ngokupheleleyo enjinini.
Izinzwa ziqhagamshelwe kumgca oyintloko we-injini, ekuvumela ukuba ujonge uxinzelelo lweoyile kunye nobukho bayo kwinkqubo yeoli (oku kukuvumela ukuba ujonge ukusebenza kwempompo yeoli, ukuba ayisebenzi, ioyile yenza nje ungangeni umgca).Namhlanje, ii-sensors zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenjongo zifakwe kwiinjini, ezifuna ukuchazwa ngokubanzi.
Inkqubo yokuthambisa i-injini kunye nendawo yeenzwa zoxinzelelo kuyo
Iindidi, uyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kweenzwa zoxinzelelo lweoyile
Okokuqala, zonke izinzwa zoxinzelelo zohlulwe zibe zimbini iintlobo ngokwenjongo yazo:
• I-Alarm sensor (i-alarm sensor ye-oyile yoxinzelelo oluphuthumayo, "inzwa kwisibane");
• Isivamvo sovavanyo loxinzelelo olupheleleyo lwe-oyile ("inzwa kwisixhobo").
Izixhobo zodidi lokuqala zisetyenziselwa inkqubo ye-alarm yokwehla okubalulekileyo kwingcinezelo yeoli, zibangelwa kuphela xa uxinzelelo lwehla ngaphantsi kwezinga elithile.Izoluvo ezinjalo ziqhagamshelwe kwisandi okanye izixhobo zokubonisa ukukhanya (i-buzzer, isibane kwideshibhodi), elumkisa umqhubi malunga noxinzelelo oluphantsi / inqanaba leoli kwi-injini.Ngoko ke, olu hlobo lwesixhobo luhlala lubizwa ngokuba "zinzwa ngesibane ngasinye".
Iinzwa zodidi lwesibini zisetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokulinganisa uxinzelelo lweoyile, zisebenza phezu koluhlu lonke loxinzelelo kwinkqubo yokuthambisa i-injini.Ezi zixhobo zizinto ezinovakalelo zezixhobo zokulinganisa ezihambelanayo (i-analog okanye idijithali), izikhombisi eziboniswa kwideshibhodi kwaye zibonisa uxinzelelo lweoyile yangoku kwi-injini, yingakho zibizwa ngokuba "zinzwa kwisixhobo".
Zonke izinzwa zoxinzelelo lweoyile zanamhlanje ziyi-diaphragm (diaphragm).Kukho izinto ezintathu eziphambili kwesi sixhobo:
• Umngxuma otywiniweyo uvalwe ngenwebu yentsimbi ethambileyo (diaphragm);
• Indlela yokuhambisa;
• Isiguquli: umqondiso womatshini kumbane.
I-cavity ene-diaphragm idityaniswe kumgca we-oyile oyintloko we-injini, ngoko ihlala igcina uxinzelelo lwe-oyile efanayo njengakumgca, kwaye nakuphi na ukuguquguquka koxinzelelo kubangela ukuba i-diaphragm iphambuke kwindawo yayo ephakathi.Ukuphambuka kwe-membrane kubonwa yindlela yokudlulisa kwaye yondliwa kwi-transducer, eyenza umqondiso wombane - lo mqondiso uthunyelwa kwisixhobo sokulinganisa okanye iyunithi yokulawula i-electronic.
Namhlanje, izinzwa zoxinzelelo lweoyile zisebenzisa iindlela zothumelo kunye nabaguquli abahlukileyo kuyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza, kwiintlobo ezine zezixhobo zinokuhlukaniswa:
Iindidi eziphambili ze-diaphragm (i-diaphragm) i-oyile yoxinzelelo lweenzwa
Namhlanje, izinzwa zoxinzelelo lweoyile zisebenzisa iindlela zothumelo kunye nabaguquli abahlukileyo kuyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza, kwiintlobo ezine zezixhobo zinokuhlukaniswa:
• I-sensor yohlobo loqhagamshelwano kuphela i-sensor yesixhobo sokubonisa ("kwisibane");
• Inzwa yeRheostat;
• Inzwa ye-Pulse;
• Inzwa yePiezocrystalline.
Isixhobo ngasinye sineempawu zayo zoyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza.
Qhagamshelana nenzwa yoxinzelelo lweoyile (isibane ngasinye)
Uluvo luhlobo loqhagamshelwano.Isixhobo sineqela loqhagamshelwano - umfowunelwa oshukumayo obekwe kwi-membrane, kunye noqhagamshelwano olusisigxina oluqhagamshelwe kumzimba wesixhobo.Isikhundla sabafowunelwa sikhethwe ngendlela yokuba kuxinzelelo lweoyile eqhelekileyo kwinkqubo abafowunelwa bavuleleke, kwaye kuxinzelelo oluphantsi bavalwe.Uxinzelelo lomgubasi lusetwa yintwasahlobo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nemodeli ye-injini, ngoko ke ii-sensors zohlobo loqhagamshelwano azisoloko zitshintshwa.
Isivamvo seRheostat.Isixhobo sine-rheostat yocingo esisigxina kunye ne-slider exhunywe kwi-membrane.Xa i-membrane itenxa kwi-avareji isikhundla, isilayidi sijikeleza kwi-axis ngokusebenzisa isitulo sokugungqa kunye nesilayidi ecaleni kwe-rheostat - oku kukhokelela ekutshintsheni ukuchasana kwe-rheostat, ebekwe esweni isixhobo sokulinganisa okanye iyunithi yombane.Ngaloo ndlela, ukutshintshwa kwengcinezelo yeoli kubonakaliswe ekutshintsheni ukuchasana kwenzwa, esetyenziselwa imilinganiselo.
Uluvo lwe-Pulse.Isixhobo sine-vibrator ye-thermobimetallic (i-transducer) enoqhagamshelwano oluqinileyo kunye ne-membrane.I-vibrator iqulethwe ngabafowunelwa ababini, enye (ephezulu) yenziwe ngeplate ye-bimetallic kunye nenxeba lokutshisa i-coil kuyo.Kwimeko ebandayo, i-bimetallic plate iqondiswe kwaye ivalwe kunye noqhagamshelwano oluphantsi - okwangoku uhamba ngesiphaluka esivaliweyo, kubandakanywa ne-coil yokufudumala.Ngokuhamba kwexesha, i-spiral iyatshisa i-bimetallic plate, igobe kwaye ihambe isuka kumnxeba ophantsi - isiphaluka sivula.Ngenxa yekhefu kwisiphaluka, i-spiral iyeka ukufudumeza, i-bimetallic plate ipholile kwaye iqondise - isiphaluka sivala kwakhona kwaye inkqubo iqala kwakhona.Ngenxa yoko, i-bimetallic plate ihlala ishukuma kwaye i-current alternating current ye-frequency ethile yenziwa kwi-output ye-sensor.
Umnxeba ophantsi we-sensor uqhagamshelwe kwi-diaphragm, leyo, kuxhomekeke kuxinzelelo lweoyile, iyaphambuka ukusuka kwindawo ephakathi phezulu okanye phantsi.Kwimeko yokuphakamisa i-diaphragm (kunye nokunyuka kwengcinezelo yeoli), i-contact ephantsi iphakama kwaye icinezele ngakumbi kwi-plate ye-bimetallic, ngoko i-frequency vibration iyancipha, abafowunelwa bakwindawo evaliweyo ixesha elide.Xa i-membrane ithotywa, uqhagamshelwano olusezantsi luhamba lusuka kwi-bimetallic plate, ngoko ke i-vibration frequency iyanda, abafowunelwa bakwindawo evaliweyo ixesha elincinci.Ukutshintsha ixesha labafowunelwa kwindawo evaliweyo (oko kukuthi, ukuguqula ukuphindaphinda kwe-alternating current kwi-output ye-sensor) kwaye isetyenziswe sisixhobo se-analog okanye iyunithi yombane ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lweoyile kwi-injini.
Inzwa yePiezocrystalline.Le nzwa ine-piezocrystalline transducer exhunywe kwi-membrane.Isiseko se-transducer yi-resistor ye-piezocrystalline - i-crystal eneempawu ze-piezoelectric, kwiindiza ezimbini ezinikezelwa ngoku ngokuthe ngqo, kwaye iiplani ze-perpendicular zixhunywe kwi-membrane kunye ne-fixed base plate.Xa uxinzelelo lweoyile lutshintsha, i-membrane iyaphambuka kwi-avareji yayo, ekhokelela ekutshintsheni koxinzelelo kwi-resistor ye-piezocrystalline - ngenxa yoko, iipropati zokuqhuba i-resistor kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, ukutshintsha kwayo.Utshintsho lwangoku kwimveliso yenzwa isetyenziswe yunithi yokulawula okanye isalathisi ukulinganisa uxinzelelo lweoli kwi-injini.
Zonke izinzwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuba luhlobo luni, zinecala lensimbi ye-cylindrical, i-threaded fitting inikezelwa phantsi kwendlu yokudibanisa kumgca we-oyile (i-washers zokutywinwa zisetyenziselwa ukutywinwa), kunye noqhagamshelwano lokudibanisa kwinkqubo yombane. phezulu okanye ecaleni.Uqhagamshelwano lwesibini yindlu, ngokusebenzisa ibhloko ye-injini edityaniswe kumhlaba wenkqubo yombane.Kukwakho ihexagon emzimbeni yokunyuswa kunye nokudiliza inzwa kusetyenziswa isitshixo esiqhelekileyo.
Imiba yokukhetha kunye nokutshintshwa kweenzwa zoxinzelelo lweoyile
Izinzwa zoxinzelelo lweoyile (ii-alamu kunyeimilinganiselo yoxinzelelo) zibalulekile ekubekeni iliso ekusebenzeni kwe-injini, ngoko ke ukuba ziyasilela, kufuneka zitshintshwe - njengomthetho, azikwazi ukulungiswa.Isidingo sokutshintsha inzwa singabonakaliswa ngokufundwa okungalunganga kwesixhobo okanye ukusebenza rhoqo kwesalathisi kwideshibhodi.Ukuba inqanaba leoli kwinkqubo liqhelekileyo, kwaye akukho ngxaki nge-injini, ngoko kufuneka utshintshe inzwa.
Ukutshintshwa, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha abenzi boluvo kuphela kwezo ntlobo kunye neemodeli ezicetyiswa ngumenzi we-injini.Ukusetyenziswa kwemodeli yenzwa eyahlukileyo kunokukhokelela ekwaphulwa kokufundwa kwesixhobo sokulinganisa okanye isalathisi kwideshibhodi.Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi kwi-alarm sensors - ngokuqhelekileyo azinakuhlengahlengiswa kwaye zisetelwe kuxinzelelo oluthile kwi-factory.Ngama-sensors oxinzelelo lweoli, imeko iyahluka - kwiimeko ezininzi kunokwenzeka ukusebenzisa ezinye iintlobo kunye neemodeli zezixhobo, ekubeni isixhobo sokulinganisa okanye iyunithi yokulawula i-electronic inika amandla okulungelelanisa (ukulinganisa) kwinzwa entsha.
Ukutshintsha inzwa yoxinzelelo lweoyile kulula kakhulu.Umsebenzi kufuneka uqhutywe kuphela kwi-injini yokumisa kunye nebandayo, ekubeni kulo mzekelo akukho mafutha kumgca weoli oyintloko (okanye kuncinci kakhulu), kwaye akuyi kubakho ukuvuza xa inzwa ichithwa.Inzwa idinga nje ukuba ikhutshwe ngesitshixo, kwaye isixhobo esitsha kufuneka sijijwe endaweni yaso.Iwasha yokutywina kufuneka ifakwe kwi-sensor fitting, ngaphandle koko inkqubo inokulahlekelwa ubunzima bayo.
Ngokukhetha okuchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwenzwa, inkqubo ye-alarm ye-oyile ebalulekileyo yokulahla i-alarm kunye ne-injini yokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwe-oyile iya kusebenza ngokuthembekileyo, ibonelela ngokubeka iliso elifunekayo kwimeko yeyunithi yamandla.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-18-2023