Yonke imoto yale mihla ixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokuqhobosha ezininzi, kuquka indawo yokupaka, okanye "ibrake yesandla".Iindlela zokuqhawula i-handbrake ziqhutywa ziintambo zetsimbi eziguquguqukayo - funda konke malunga nala macandelo, iindidi ezikhoyo kunye noyilo, kunye nokukhethwa kwazo kunye nokutshintshwa, kwinqaku.
Yintoni intambo yeziqhoboshi zokupaka?
Intambo yokupaka (ikhebula le-handbrake, intambo ye-handbrake) - into yokupaka i-brake drive yezithuthi ezinamavili;Intambo yentsimbi ephothiweyo kwi-sheath yokukhusela edibanisa i-parking brake drive lever kwi-brake pads kunye neendawo eziphakathi kwe-drive.
Izithuthi ezinamavili ezixhotyiswe nge-hydraulically operation braking system zisebenzisa i-mechanical parking brake kunye neepads zokuqhawula ngokuthe ngqo kwi-lever efakwe kwi-cab / i-passenger compartment.Ukuqhuba kweepads kwakhiwe ngesiseko sezinto eziguquguqukayo - iintambo ezenza imisebenzi yeentonga.
Intambo yokupaka i-brake yenza imisebenzi emininzi:
● Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ukusuka kwisithinteli sebreke yokupaka ukuya kwiibhuleki zamavili angasemva (kwiimoto zabakhweli) kunye neepads zehandbrake ezikwi-propeller shaft (kwezinye iilori);
● Imbuyekezo yokuguqulwa kwesakhelo, izakhi zomzimba wemoto kunye neendawo zokumisa, ngenxa yoko indawo ehambelanayo yeepads kunye ne-lever inokutshintsha - oku kufezekiswa ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwentambo (iintambo);
● Ukwenziwa lula ngokubanzi koyilo lwebhuleki yokupaka - xa usebenzisa iintambo, akukho mfuneko yokusebenzisa iintonga eziqinileyo ezinehenjisi kunye nezibophelelo ezininzi.
Iintambo zeebrake zesandla zidlala indima ephambili kukhuseleko lwesithuthi ngexesha leendawo zokupaka ezimfutshane nezinde, kwaye zenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kumgangatho uwonke wokhuseleko ezindleleni.Nakuphi na ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentambo kunokubangela imeko engxamisekileyo, ngoko ke le nxalenye kufuneka itshintshwe ngokukhawuleza.Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthenga intambo ye-handbrake, kufuneka uqonde iintlobo, uyilo kunye neempawu zala macandelo.
Iindidi, uyilo kunye neempawu zokupaka iintambo zebrake
Okwangoku, iimoto zisebenzisa ibhuleki yokupaka eneentlobo ezintathu eziphambili zokuqhuba:
● Ngentambo enye kunye nokutsalwa okuqinileyo;
● Ngeentambo ezimbini kunye nokubambelela okuqinileyo;
● Ngeentambo ezintathu.
Isixhobo esilula kakhulu sinomqhubi kunye nekhebula elilodwa: lisebenzisa intonga eqinile ephakathi, edibaniswe ne-lever kunye nesikhokelo sensimbi esibamba intambo efakwe kuyo;Intambo idityaniswe ngeziphelo zayo kwi-brake pad drives kumavili asekunene nasekhohlo.Apha, ikhebula elinye lahlulwe kubini, isiqingatha ngasinye sisebenza kwivili laso, kwaye amandla aphuma kwilever ahanjiswa kusetyenziswa intonga yentsimbi enemisonto apho isikhokelo sibanjwe khona.Inkqubo enjalo kulula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye ilungelelanise, kodwa inokuthembeka okuphantsi, ekubeni ukunxiba okanye ukuphuka kwekhebula kukhokelela ekuphazamisekeni okupheleleyo kokusebenza kwebhuleki yokupaka.
Iilori ezininzi zikwasebenzisa ibhuleki yokupaka ngentambo enye - isetyenziselwa ukuzisa iipads kwidrum yebrake exhonywe kwi-propeller shaft kunye.Kwinkqubo enjalo, intambo ixhunywe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-handbrake lever ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kweentonga eziphakathi.
Iinxalenye zokupaka i-brake drive kunye neentambo ezimbini kunye ne-equalizer cable
Isixhobo esinzima ngakumbi sine-drive kunye neentambo ezimbini: zisebenzisa iintambo ezimbini ezihlukeneyo ezixhunyiwe kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-equalizer okanye i-compensator, leyo, yona, ibekwe kwintonga eqinile.Ngenxa yobukho beentambo ezimbini ezizimeleyo, ukusebenza kwebhuleki yokupaka kugcinwa xa enye yazo igugile okanye iphukile - amandla kwivili lesibini ahanjiswa yintambo yesibini.I-drive enjalo inzima ngakumbi kuneyangaphambili, kodwa inokuthembeka okuphezulu, ngoko ke namhlanje iyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu.
Kwiidrive zodidi lwesithathu, intonga eqinileyo ithathelwa indawo yintambo yesithathu emfutshane - idibanisa i-lever yokupaka i-lever kunye ne-equalizer / compensator yeentambo ezingasemva.Iinkqubo ezinjalo zinokuguquguquka okukhulu ngokumalunga nohlengahlengiso kwaye zisebenza kakuhle nangokufuduswa okubalulekileyo kweendawo zokuqhuba ngokuhambelana nomnye (umzekelo, ngomthwalo omkhulu nongalinganiyo wemoto, xa upaka imoto kwindawo ethambekileyo, xa enye ngasemva amavili abetha induli okanye ikhefu, njl.).Ke ngoko, i-handbrake drive eneentambo ezintathu namhlanje ikwasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimoto zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neeklasi.
Iqela elihlukeneyo lokuqhuba liqukethe iinkqubo ezineentambo ezimbini zobude obuhlukeneyo.Intambo enye iqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-drive lever kwaye ibonelela ngokuqhutywa kweepads zelinye lamavili (kaninzi ekhohlo).Intambo yesibini yobude obufutshane idityaniswe neyokuqala kumgama othile ukusuka kwi-lever, ngokuqhelekileyo ibekwe ecaleni komqadi webhulorho, eqinisekisa ukuthembeka okuphezulu kwesakhiwo sonke (ngoko ke intambo ikhuselwe kwiimpembelelo ezimbi, ukothuka kunye nokugoba).Ukudityaniswa kweentambo zenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-equalizer (compensator) kunye nokwenzeka kohlengahlengiso.
Iindawo ezintathu zokupaka i-brake drive drive
Zonke iintambo zeebhuleki zokupaka zinesixhobo esifana nqwa, zahluke kuphela kwiinkcukacha ezithile.Isiseko sesakhiwo yintambo yensimbi ephothiweyo yobubanzi obuncinci (ngaphakathi kwe-2-3 mm), ifakwe kwi-sheath yokukhusela.Ngaphakathi, igobolondo igcwele igrisi, ethintela ukubola kunye ne-jamming yekhebula.Ekupheleni kwekhebula, iingcebiso ziqiniswe ngokungqongqo ukudibanisa kunye neengxenye zokuqhuba - i-lever, i-equalizer, i-brake pad drive.Iingcebiso zinokuba noyilo olwahlukileyo:
● Taw;
● Iisilinda;
● Iihenjisi zeemilo neesayizi ezahlukeneyo;
● Iingcebiso ezimilise u-U (iifolokhwe).
I-sheath yekhebula ithatha ubude bayo bonke, ngaphandle kweesentimitha ezimbalwa kwicala leengcebiso.Iqokobhe linokuba noyilo olwahlukileyo:
● I-Polymer (eqhelekileyo okanye eyomeleziweyo) i-sheath ye-single-layer kunye nobude bonke bentambo;
● Iqokobhe lesikrweqe (intwasahlobo) kwiincam zentambo, ezidityaniswe namalungu ajikelezileyo okunqunyanyiswa kunye nomzimba, kwaye ke ngoko zixhomekeke ekunxityweni okubalulekileyo;
● Izibonda zerabha (ii-anthers) kwiincam zentambo (kwicala elinye okanye omabini), ezikhusela intambo kuthuli nakumdaka, kwaye zithintela ukuvuza kwegrisi.
Kuzo zombini iziphelo zeqokobhe, i-metal bushings enoyilo olwahlukileyo ilungisiwe:
● Ngomsonto wangaphandle kunye namantongomane amabini - ngokuqhelekileyo umkhono onjalo uhlala kwicala lokunamathisela intambo kwisilinganisi (ngokuchanekileyo, kwisibiyeli esithintela iqokobhe ukuba litshintshe), kodwa kukho iintambo ezineentambo ezinentambo kumacala omabini. ;
● Ngomsonto wangaphakathi - i-bushings enjalo idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiintambo zeebhuleki zokupaka iilori;
● Ngepleyiti yethrust okanye isibiyeli - umkhono onjalo ukwicala lokuncamathela intambo kwikhaka lebrekeki yevili.
Kule meko, i-bushings ingaba tye okanye igobile, ngenxa yeempawu zoyilo lwe-brake yokupaka imoto.
Iintambo zebrake zokupaka zigcwele ngesilinganisi
I-polymer bushings eyongezelelweyo (eyomeleziweyo), i-clamps kunye nezibiyeli nazo zinokufumaneka kwi-cable sheath - ezi zizinto zokunyuka eziyimfuneko kwindawo echanekileyo yekhebula kunye nokuqina kwayo kwizinto zomzimba okanye isakhelo sesithuthi.
Njengomthetho, ubude kunye nezinye iimpawu zekhebula ziboniswa kwilebula yayo okanye kwiincwadi ezifanelekileyo zokubhekisela - olu lwazi lunceda ukukhetha intambo entsha xa endala igugile.
Indlela yokukhetha kunye nokubuyisela intambo ye-brake yokupaka
Iintambo ze-brake zokupaka ziphantsi kwemithwalo ebalulekileyo, ngoko ziyaguga, zolule kwaye ziphelelwe ngamandla ngokuhamba kwexesha.Ngethuba lokugcinwa kwesiqhelo, kucetyiswa ukuba uhlolisise iintambo kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukulungelelanisa amandla abo okuxhatshazwa - ngokuqhelekileyo oku kwenziwa nge nut kwintonga eqinile okanye i-equalizer.Ukuba ulungelelwaniso olunjalo aluqinisekisi ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwe-handbrake (intambo yoluliwe ngokugqithiseleyo kwaye ayiboneleli ngokufanelekileyo kweepads), ngoko ke ikhebula (iintambo) kufuneka zitshintshwe.
Ukukhethwa kweentambo kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokuhambelana nomzekelo kunye nonyaka wokwenziwa kwesithuthi - ikhebula elitsha kufuneka libe nenombolo yekhathalogu efana neyomdala.Ukuba ikhebula elifunwayo alikho, ngoko unokuzama ukukhetha intambo yohlobo oluhlukeneyo ubude, ukuyila kunye nohlobo lweengcebiso.Unokukhetha kwakhona ii-analogues kwezinye iimoto, amacandelo emveliso abonelelwa ngabavelisi abafanayo.
Ukuba i-handbrake drive ineentambo ezimbini zangasemva, kwaye enye kuphela iphosakele, ngoko kuyacetyiswa ukuba utshintshe yonke ibini ngexesha elinye - oku kuya kuqinisekisa ngokuqhekeka okusondeleyo kwekhebula lesibini.Ngokukodwa kwiimeko ezinjalo, abaninzi abavelisi banikezela ngeesethi zeentambo kunye nazo zonke iindawo eziyimfuneko eziphakathi.
Ukutshintshwa kweentambo ze-handbrake kufuneka zenziwe ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokulungiswa nokugcinwa kwale moto.Njengomthetho, lo msebenzi uncitshiswe ukukhulula kunye nokudiliza i-equalizer / compensator, emva koko unako ukususa ikhebula ngokukhupha amantongomane kwi-fasteners kunye nokususa iingcebiso kubaphathi kumacala omabini.Ukufakwa kwentambo entsha kuqhutyelwa ngokulandelelana, emva koko uhlengahlengiso lwenziwa ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukunyanzeliswa okufunwayo kweentambo.Xa wenza umsebenzi, kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kunye nokungahambi kakuhle kwemoto ngoncedo lwezicathulo okanye ezinye iindlela.Emva koko, kuyimfuneko ukubeka iliso kwimeko yeentambo kwaye ngamaxesha athile uhlengahlengise uxinzelelo lwabo.
Ngokukhetha okufanelekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kweentambo, inkqubo ye-brake yokupaka imoto iya kusebenza ngokuthembekileyo nangempumelelo kuyo nayiphi na indawo yokupaka.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-26-2023