Kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje, ii-speedometers zemoto ezisebenza ngoomatshini ziye zatshintshwa ziinkqubo zokulinganisa isantya se-elektroniki, apho izinzwa zesantya zidlala indima ebalulekileyo.Yonke into malunga nezinzwa zesantya zanamhlanje, iintlobo zazo, uyilo kunye nokusebenza, kunye nokukhetha okuchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa - funda kweli nqaku.
Yintoni inzwa yesantya
Inzwa yesantya (inzwa yesantya semoto, i-DSA) yinto enovakalelo yenkqubo yokulinganisa isantya sesithuthi sombane;Isivamvo soqhagamshelwano okanye esingaqhagamshekiyo esilinganisa isantya se-angular shaft kwibhokisi yegiya okanye kwi-axle gearbox yokuqhubela phambili kwaye idlulisele iziphumo zomlinganiselo kwisilawuli sesantya sesithuthi okanye kwi-speedometer.
Nceda uqaphele: inqaku lixubusha kuphela i-DSA yokulinganisa isantya semoto.Malunga nezinzwa zesantya samavili ezisebenza njengenxalenye yeenkqubo zokhuseleko ezisebenzayo (ABS kunye nezinye), ezichazwe kwamanye amanqaku kwiwebhusayithi yethu.
Izinzwa zesantya zinokuba yinxalenye yeenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zesithuthi sale mihla:
● I-Speedometer - ukulinganisa nokubonisa isantya sangoku sokuhamba kunye nomgama ohanjiweyo (usebenzisa i-odometer);
● I-injection, i-ignition kunye nezinye iinkqubo ze-injini - ukulungisa iindlela zokusebenza zeyunithi yamandla, kuxhomekeke kwisantya semoto kunye notshintsho lwayo (ngexesha lokunyuka kunye ne-braking);
● Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zokhuseleko kunye ne-alam - ukulungisa isantya kunye nendlela ehamba ngayo imoto ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, isilumkiso seemeko ezinokuba yingozi, njl.;
● Kwezinye iimoto - ukulawulwa kwamandla kunye neenkqubo zokuthuthuzela.
I-DSA, njengentambo yesiqhelo ye-speedometer, ixhonywe kwibhokisi yegiya, ityesi yokudlulisa okanye i-axle gearbox yokuqhuba, ilandelela isantya se-angular shaft yesibini okanye ephakathi.Ulwazi olufunyenwe kwi-sensor ngendlela yezibonakaliso zombane luthunyelwa kumlawuli wesantya okanye ngokuthe ngqo kwi-speedometer.Iimpawu zeempawu ezenziweyo kunye neendlela zokudibanisa / ukudibanisa i-sensor kunye ne-electronics yesithuthi zixhomekeke kwiintlobo zabo, ukuyila kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza.Oku kufuneka kuchazwe ngokubanzi.
Ukusebenza, iintlobo, ukuyila kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kweenzwa zesantya
Abenzi boluvo besantya, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo kunye noyilo, bavelisa imiqondiso enokuthunyelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwisixhobo sokulinganisa isantya okanye kwisilawuli se-injini kunye neeyunithi zolawulo lwe-elektroniki ezinxulumeneyo.Kwimeko yokuqala, inzwa isetyenziselwa kuphela ukujonga ngokubonakalayo isantya sesithuthi.Kwimeko yesibini, idatha isetyenziswe yi-elektroniki yeemoto ukulawula injini kunye nezinye iinkqubo, kwaye isignali kwi-speedometer isondliwa kumlawuli.Kwiimoto zanamhlanje, indlela yesibini yokudibanisa isetyenziswa ngakumbi.
Ukulinganisa isantya ngeDSA kulula kakhulu.Inzwa ivelisa umqondiso we-pulse (ngokuqhelekileyo i-rectangular in shape), apho izinga lokuphindaphinda i-pulse lixhomekeke kwisantya sokujikeleza kwe-shaft kwaye, ngokufanelekileyo, kwisantya semoto.Uninzi lwezinzwa zanamhlanje zivelisa ukusuka kwi-2000 ukuya kwi-25000 pulses ngekhilomitha, kodwa umgangatho oqhelekileyo osetyenziswayo yi-6000 pulses ngekhilomitha nganye (kwi-contact sensors - 6 pulses per revolution ye-rotor yabo).Ngaloo ndlela, ukulinganiswa kwesantya kuncitshiswe ekubaleni ngumlawuli wezinga lokuphindaphinda kwee-pulses ezivela kwi-DSA ngeyunithi yexesha, kunye nokuguqulelwa kweli xabiso kwi-km / h eqondakalayo kuthi.
Izinzwa zesantya zohlulwe zibe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu:
● Iqhutywa ngokuthe ngqo yi-shaft, okanye uqhagamshelwano;
● Ukungaqhagamshelwa.
Ukufaka inzwa yesantya soqhagamshelwano kwibhokisi yegiya
Iqela lokuqala libandakanya i-sensors apho i-torque esuka kwi-shaft ye-gearbox, i-axle okanye i-transfer case ihanjiswa nge-drive gear kunye nentambo yensimbi eguquguqukayo (okanye i-shaft eqinile efutshane).Inzwa ibonelela ngesixhobo esifunda ukujikeleza kwe-angular ye-shaft kwaye iyiguqulele kwiimpembelelo zombane.Iinzwa zolu hlobo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, njengoko zinokufakwa endaweni yokuqhuba i-speedometer yomatshini (ekuvumela ukuba uphucule izithuthi ezindala ngaphandle kweendleko ezongezelelweyo) kwaye zithembeke kakhulu.
Ukucofa isivamvo sesantya esingaqhagamshelwangayo
Iqela lesibini libandakanya abenzi boluvo abangenalo uqhagamshelwano oluthe ngqo kunye ne-shaft ejikelezayo.Ukulinganisa isantya sezinzwa ezinjalo, isixhobo esincedisayo sifakwe kwi-shaft - i-disc master okanye i-rotor.Izixhobo zokungaqhagamshelwa ziya zithandwa ngakumbi, zifakwe kwiimodeli ezininzi zangoku zeemoto zasekhaya.
Zonke izixhobo zoluvo zisebenza kwimigaqo eyahlukeneyo yomzimba.Kwizixhobo zoqhagamshelwano, i-Hall effect kunye ne-magnetoresistive effect (MRE), kunye ne-optocouplers (i-optoelectronic pairs), isetyenziswa rhoqo.Entliziyweni yezinzwa ezingadibaniyo, isiphumo seHolo sisetyenziswa kakhulu, kwaye kaninzi kaninzi i-MRE.Uyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kohlobo ngalunye lwenzwa luchazwe ngezantsi.
Qhagamshelana nabenzi boluvo ngokusekelwe kwisiphumo seHolo
Iinzwa zolu hlobo zisekelwe kwisiphumo seHolo: ukuba i-conductor flat, ngaphaya kwamacala amabini achaseneyo apho umbane ochanekileyo ugqithiswa khona, ufakwe kwintsimi yamagnetic, ngoko umbane wombane uvela kwamanye amacala ahlukeneyo.Kwintliziyo ye-DSA yi-chip yeHolo, apho i-wafer (ehlala yenziwe nge-permalloy) kunye nesekethe ye-amplifier sele idibene.Kwizinzwa, i-microcircuit kunye nemagnethi zihlala zimile, kwaye utshintsho kwintsimi yamagnetic lwenziwa ngenxa ye "curtain" ejikelezayo - indandatho eneendawo zokubeka.Iringi ixhunywe kwikhebula lokuqhuba okanye i-shaft, apho ifumana ukujikeleza.Umqondiso wokuphuma ovela kwi-DSA uthunyelwa kwi-speedometer okanye umlawuli ngokusebenzisa ikhonkco eliqhelekileyo, apho amandla anikezelwa kwi-chip yeHolo.
Abenzi boluvo abangaqhagamshelwanga basekwe kwisiphumo seHolo
I-DSA engaqhagamshelani nayo isekelwe kwisiphumo esifanayo, kodwa akukho malungu ahambayo kuyo - endaweni yoko, i-rotor okanye i-pulse disk enamacandelo amagnetic ibekwe kwi-shaft yeyunithi (ibhokisi yegiya, i-axle gearbox).Kukho i-gap encinci phakathi kwecandelo elibukhali le-sensor (kunye ne-Hall chip) kunye ne-rotor, xa i-rotor ijikeleza, isibonakaliso se-pulse senziwa kwi-microcircuit, ethunyelwa kumlawuli ngokusebenzisa umdibaniso oqhelekileyo.
Isicwangciso sokusebenza senzwa yesantya esingaqhagamshelwanga
Abenzi boluvo basekwe kwisiphumo semagnetoresistive
Uyilo lwesivamvo sesantya esine-magnetoresistive element
Olu hlobo lwe-DSA lusekelwe kwimpembelelo ye-magnetoresistive - ipropati yezinye izinto zokutshintsha ukuxhathisa umbane xa zibekwe kwintsimi yamagnetic.Izoluvo ezinjalo zifana neenzwa zeHolo, kodwa zisebenzisa ii-chips kunye ne-integrated magnetoresistive element (MRE) esekelwe kwizinto ze-semiconductor.Amaxesha amaninzi, ezi zivamvo zine-drive ethe ngqo, utshintsho kwintsimi yamagnetic lwenziwa ngokujikelezisa i-ring-pole magnet, umqondiso owenziweyo unikezelwa kumlawuli ngesidibanisi esiqhelekileyo (esinokuthi unikezelo lwamandla lwe-microcircuit kunye nalo. I-MRE ibonelelwe).
Iinzwa zoqhagamshelwano ze-Optoelectronic
Ezi DSA zezona zilula kuyilo, kodwa azinabuntununtunu kwaye zine-inertial kunezo zichazwe ngasentla.Inzwa isekelwe kwi-optocoupler - i-LED kunye ne-phototransistor, phakathi kwayo kukho i-disk ene-slots exhunywe kwi-drive shaft.Xa i-disk ijikeleza, i-flux ekhanyayo phakathi kwe-LED kunye ne-phototransistor iphazamiseka ngezikhathi ezithile, ezi ziphazamisi ziyanyuswa kwaye zithunyelwe kumlawuli ngendlela yesignali ye-pulse.
Uyilo lwesivamvo sesantya se-Optoelectronic
Indlela yokukhetha kunye nokutshintsha inzwa yesantya esifanelekileyo
Inzwa yesantya ephosakeleyo kwisithuthi sanamhlanje sinokuba ngumthombo weengxaki ezahlukeneyo - ukusuka ekulahlekeni kwedatha kwisantya sokuhamba kunye nomgama ohanjiweyo (i-speedometer kunye ne-odometer yokuyeka ukusebenza), ukuphazanyiswa kweyunithi yamandla (i-idling engazinzanga, ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwamafutha, ukulahleka kwamandla), ukulawulwa kwamandla kunye neenkqubo zokhuseleko.Ngoko ke, ukuba i-DSA iyaphuka, kufuneka itshintshwe ngokukhawuleza.
Ukutshintsha, kuya kufuneka uthathe kuphela inzwa ebikwimoto ngaphambili, okanye usebenzise izixhobo phakathi kwezo zicetyiswa ngumenzi wemoto.Kwezinye iimeko, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhethe i-DSA "engeyomthonyama", kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo oku akunakwenzeka - inzwa okanye ayingeni kwindawo, okanye inika ukufundwa okungalunganga ngexesha lofakelo.Ke ngoko, imifuniselo ekukhethweni kwe-DSA kufuneka kubhengezwe kuyo kuphela kwiimeko ezigqithisileyo.
Ukutshintshwa kwenzwa kuqhutyelwa ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yesi sithuthi (okanye ibhokisi yegiya, i-axle okanye ityala lokudlulisa).I-Direct drive DSAs idla ngokuba nentambo ye-turnkey kunye ne-hexagon (kodwa ayisoloko - ezinye iimveliso zinesese kunye ne-corrugation enqamlezayo), ngoko ke ukuzibuyisela kuhla ukuguqula isixhobo esidala kunye nokujija kwisitsha.Abenzi boluvo abangaqhagamshelani nabo badla ngokudityaniswa ngesikrufu esinye okanye ezibini (iibholiti) ezidityaniswe ngomngxuma kwiflange.Kuzo zonke iimeko, wonke umsebenzi kufuneka wenziwe nge-terminal ekhutshwe kwibhetri, ngaphambi kokuqhawula inzwa, kuyimfuneko ukukhupha umdibaniso wombane, kwaye ngaphambi kokufaka entsha, coca indawo yokufakela kwayo.
Kunzima ngakumbi ukubuyisela i-rotor ye-non-contact sensors - ngenxa yoko kuyimfuneko ukukhupha iyunithi (ibhokisi, ibhulorho), kwaye emva koko wenze umsebenzi wokulungisa ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo.
Ngokukhetha okuchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwenzwa yesantya, i-speedometer kunye neenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zeemoto (kubandakanywa injini) ziqala ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza.Kwixesha elizayo, i-DSA iya kuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokukhululekileyo kwesithuthi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-12-2023