Ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo komqalisi kunikezelwa ngomatshini okhethekileyo - i-starter drive (eyaziwayo ngegama elithi "Bendix"), edibanisa i-clutch overrunning, i-gear kunye nefoloko yokuqhuba.Funda malunga nokuba yintoni i-starter drive, zeziphi iindidi, ukuba zenzelwe kwaye zisebenza njani kweli nqaku.
Yintoni i-starter drive?
I-starter drive yindlela ye-injini yokutshisa yangaphakathi inkqubo yokuqalisa, eyikhonkco phakathi kwesiqalisi sombane kunye ne-flywheel ye-injini.I-activator inemisebenzi emibini:
• Ukuqhagamshela isiqalisi kwi-injini ukuhambisa itorque ukusuka kwisiqalisi senjini ukuya kwiflywheel yecrankshaft;
• Ukukhuselwa kwesiqalisi kumthamo omninzi emva kokuqalisa injini.
Umsebenzi wokukhusela we-starter drive ubaluleke kakhulu.Ukuqala iyunithi yamandla, kuyimfuneko ukuba i-crankshaft yayo ijikeleze ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwe-60-200 rpm (ipetroli - ngaphantsi, kwiinjini ze-diesel - ngaphezulu) - kungenxa yesi santya se-angular ukuba isiqalo siyilwe.Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuqala, i-rpm iyanda ukuya kwi-700-900 okanye ngaphezulu, apho i-torque iguqula i-directional, ivela kwi-flywheel ukuya kwi-starter.Isantya esongeziweyo siyingozi kwi-starter, ngoko ke ukuba injini iqaliswe ngempumelelo, i-flywheel yayo kufuneka ikhutshwe kwi-starter - lo ngumsebenzi osombulula i-drive.
Ngokwesakhiwo, i-starter drive idibanisa iindlela ezintathu:
• Isixhobo sokuqhuba i-Flywheel;
• I-Clutch e-Overrunning (okanye i-freewheel);
• Qhuba i-lever okanye ifolokhwe ngentambo, umkhono okanye i-clutch ye-actuator.
Indlela nganye inemisebenzi yayo.I-lever ye-drive exhunywe kwi-starter traction relay izisa i-drive kwi-flywheel ye-motor, iqinisekisa ukuba i-gear idibanisa ne-ring.Isixhobo sokuqhuba sihambisa i-torque ukusuka kumqalisi ukuya kwiringi ye-flywheel.Kwaye i-clutch yokugqithisa iqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwe-torque ukusuka kwi-rotor yokuqalisa ukuya kwi-gear ngeli xesha i-injini iqala, kwaye iyahlula i-drive kunye ne-flywheel emva kokuqalisa ngempumelelo injini.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuba i-starter drive yayibizwa ngokuba yi "Bendix" - oku kungenxa yenkampani yaseFransi iBendix.Kwixesha elidlulileyo, iindawo ezisecaleni zolu phawu ziye zafumana udumo kwilizwe lethu, kwaye ngokuhamba kwexesha igama laba ligama lekhaya.Namhlanje, wonke umqhubi wemoto, evile igama elithi "Bendix", uyaqonda ukuba sithetha nge-starter drive.
Iintlobo zokuqalisa zokuqhuba
I-starter drives esetyenzisiweyo namhlanje ihlukaniswe kwiintlobo ngokumalunga noyilo lwe-clutch overrunning kunye nendlela yokudibanisa i-lever drive (ifolokhwe).
I-lever inokudityaniswa kwi-actuator ngeendlela ezintathu:
• Ukusebenzisa i-coupling nge-annular chute - iiprotrusions kwiimpondo zefolokhwe zikwi-chute;
• Ukusebenzisa intambo eneegrooves ezimbini kwiprotrusions kwiimpondo zefolokhwe;
• Ukusebenzisa intambo enezikhonkwane ezimbini (uxande, i-cylindrical), apho iimpondo zefolokhwe ezinemingxuma yesimo esifanelekileyo zibekwe.
Ngexesha elifanayo, ii-starter drives zingathengiswa zombini kunye nangaphandle kwe-lever.
Ngokoyilo lwe-clutch engaphezulu, ii-starter drives zohlulwe zibe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu:
• Nge-roller overrunning clutch;
• Nge-ratchet overrunning clutch.
Namhlanje, i-roller couplings isetyenziswa kakhulu, enoyilo olulula, ukuthembeka kunye nokuchasana okuphezulu kwiimpembelelo ezimbi zokusingqongileyo kunye ne-injini ye-injini (amanzi, i-oyile, ukungcola, ukugqithiswa kweqondo lokushisa, njl.).Ukuqhuba nge-ratchet overrunning clutch kudla ngokufakwa kwiilori ezineeyunithi ezinamandla.I-Ratchet couplings inokusebenza phantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu kwaye kwangaxeshanye inobunzima obuncinci kunye nezikhombisi zesayizi, kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, zibonelela ngokuphazamiseka okupheleleyo kwetorque.
Uyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kwe-starter drive kunye ne-roller overrunning clutch
Isiseko soyilo lwe-starter drive kunye ne-clutch ye-roller ye-freewheel yi-drive (yangaphandle) yekheji, kwindawo eyandisiweyo apho i-cavities of variable cross-section iqingqelwe ukufakwa kwee-roller kunye nemithombo yabo yoxinzelelo.Ngaphakathi kwi-drive cage, i-cage eqhutywe ifakwe, idibaniswe ne-drive gear, ethi, ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-starter, idibanisa nesithsaba se-flywheel.I-Rollers ifakwe kwisithuba phakathi kwendawo yangaphandle ye-cage eqhutywe kunye nemigodi ye-drive cage, ingena kwindawo encinci yemigodi ngoncedo lwemithombo (kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-plungers eyongezelelweyo).Ukulahlekelwa kwee-roller kuthintelwe yi-washer yokuvala, kwaye isakhiwo sonke sihlanganiswe kunye ne-coupling casing.
Kwi-shank yekliphu ye-drive kukho ikhonkco, i-leash okanye i-fork attachment ring, ityalwe ngokukhululekileyo, kwaye iphumle ngokuchasene nenxalenye eyandisiweyo yekliphu ngokusebenzisa intwasahlobo emanzi.Ukuthintela i-clutch yefolokhwe ukuba ikhuphe i-shank yekliphu, igxininiswe ngendandatho yokugcina.Inxalenye yangaphakathi yekliphu ye-drive ine-splines edibanisa ne-splines kwi-rotor shaft ye-starter okanye ibhokisi yebhokisi.Ngokusebenzisa uxhulumaniso lwe-spline, i-torque esuka kwi-shaft idluliselwa kwi-cage drive kunye ne-starter drive yonke.
I-drive ene-roller overrunning clutch isebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.Xa ukulayita kulayitiwe, i-starter traction relay iyavuselelwa, i-armature yayo itsala ifolokhwe, ethi yona ityhale idrayivu ukuya kwi-flywheel.Ukuze i-drive gear ibandakanye i-flywheel, amazinyo ayo anee-bevels, kwaye umthombo omanzi uyanceda apha (kwaye kunciphisa amandla eempembelelo ze-mechanical, ukukhusela umonakalo kumazinyo kunye nezinye iindawo).Ngelo xesha, i-motor starter iqala, kwaye i-torque esuka kwi-shaft yayo idluliselwa kwi-cage drive.Ngaphantsi kwesenzo semithombo, i-roller kwi-cage ifumaneka kwindawo encinci ye-cavities, ngenxa yokuba kukho amandla amakhulu okuphikisana phakathi kweendonga ze-cavities, i-roller kunye nomphandle wangaphandle we-cage eqhutywe.Le mikhosi iqinisekisa ukujikeleza kwe-drive kunye neziqeshana eziqhutywe, ngokubanzi - ngenxa yoko, i-torque esuka kwi-starter idluliselwa kwisithsaba se-flywheel, kwaye i-injini ye-crankshaft ijikeleza.
Ngokuqala ngempumelelo kweyunithi yamandla, i-angular velocity ye-flywheel iyanda, kwaye i-torque evela kuyo iqala ukuhanjiswa kwi-starter.Xa i-angular velocity ethile ifikeleleke, ii-roller zihamba ngeemingxuma phantsi kwesenzo samandla e-centrifugal, zidlulela kwinxalenye eyandisiweyo.Ngenxa yale ntshukumo, imikhosi ekhukhulayo phakathi kwe-drive kunye neziqeshana eziqhutywe ziyancipha, kwaye kwinqanaba elithile iindawo ziyahlukana - ukuhamba kwe-torque kuphazamisekile, kwaye i-rotor yokuqala iyayeka ukujikeleza.Ngelo xesha, i-starter ivaliwe, kwaye i-drive phantsi kwesenzo sentwasahlobo (kunye namazinyo e-oblique kwi-shaft) isuswe kwi-flywheel, ibuyele kwindawo yayo yokuqala.
Namhlanje, kukho iinguqu ezininzi kuyilo lwe-roller overrunning clutch, kodwa zonke zinomgaqo wokusebenza ochazwe ngasentla.I-starter drive kunye ne-roller clutch ibonakala ngokulula ngokubonakala kwayo - i-clutch inesimo sendandatho yobubanzi obuncinci kwicala le gear.
Uyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kwe-starter drive kunye ne-ratchet overrunning clutch
Isiseko soyilo lwe-ratchet freewheel clutch yibini eyenziwa yi-drive kwaye iqhutywe yi-half-couplings, ekupheleni kwayo amazinyo e-sawtooth ayenziwa.I-half-half coupling ifumaneka kwi-sleeve yesikhokelo, enokudibanisa kuyo ngokusebenzisa intambo ye-tape, kwaye ngaphakathi kwi-sleeve kukho i-splines echanekileyo yokudibanisa kunye ne-starter shaft.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nakwi-bushing, kodwa kuphela ngaphandle koxhumo oluqinileyo, kukho ukudibanisa isiqingatha esiqhutywayo, esenziwe kunye nesixhobo sokuqhuba.Amazinyo e-Sawtooth nawo ayenziwa ekupheleni kwe-clutch eqhutywayo, enokuthi idibanise namazinyo e-drive half-coupling.
Ngaphantsi kwee-halves zokudibanisa kukho indlela yokutshixa ebandakanya ikhonkco kunye ne-conical groove edityaniswe kwi-drive half coupling, kunye nee-crackers ezinoqhagamshelo lwepini kunye ne-half-coupling eqhutywayo.Kwindawo engasebenziyo, iringi icinezela i-breadcrumbs ngokuchasene nomkhono.Ukusuka ngasentla, i-halves yokudibanisa ivaliwe kunye nomzimba ngendlela yeglasi evulekileyo, kwicala layo elivulekileyo kukho indandatho yokukhiya ekhusela isiqingatha sokudibanisa esiqhutywayo ukuba siphume kwi-sleeve.
Ukuqhuba nge-ratchet overrunning clutch isebenza ngolu hlobo lulandelayo.Xa ukuvutha kuvuliwe, njengoko kwimeko yangaphambili, i-drive iziswa kwi-flywheel, kwaye i-gear idibanisa nesithsaba.Kule meko, i-axial force iyenzeka, ngenxa yokuba zombini iziqingatha zokudibanisa zibandakanya - ukujikeleza ukusuka kumqalisi kudluliselwa kwi-gear kunye ne-flywheel.Xa i-injini iqala, ukuhamba kwetorque kutshintsha indlela, isiqingatha se-clutch esiqhutywayo siqala ukujikeleza ngokukhawuleza kunesikhokelayo.Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokujikeleza okujikelezayo, ukubandakanya phakathi kwamazinyo e-clutch akusenakwenzeka - ngenxa yobukho be-bevels, amazinyo ahlambalaza phezu komnye nomnye, kwaye i-half-half coupling isuka kude neqhutywa.Ngelo xesha, i-ring ene-conical groove ecinezela i-breadcrumbs yendlela yokutshixa ityhilwa ngasemva, kwaye i-crackers iphakama kunye nezikhonkwane phantsi kwesenzo se-centrifugal forces.Ukufika kwindawo ephezulu, abaqhankqalazi bacinezelekile kwindandatho, belungisa iihafu zokudibanisa kumgama omnye komnye - ngenxa yoko, ukuhamba kwetorque kuphazamisekile.Emva kokuba i-starter icinyiwe, isiqingatha se-clutch esiqhutywayo siyayeka ukujikeleza, i-crackers i-slide ezantsi, isusa isitshixo, kwaye i-drive ibuyela kwindawo yayo yokuqala.
I-starter drive kunye ne-ratchet overrunning clutch ibonakala ngokulula ngokubonakala kwayo - inokwakheka kweglasi, ngaphakathi apho i-halves yokudibanisa ikhona.Ezo ndlela ngoku zisetyenziswa kwiilori MAZ, Ural, KamAZ kunye nabanye.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-22-2023