Kwisixhobo sokuqhuba phantse zonke iimoto ezinamavili, kukho izinto ezihambisa amandla ukusuka kwindlela yokuqhuba ukuya kumavili - iintonga zokuqhuba.Yonke into malunga neentonga zokubopha, iintlobo zazo ezikhoyo, ukuyila kunye nokusebenza, kunye nokukhetha okuchanekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwezi nxalenye - funda inqaku elicetywayo.
Yintoni intonga yokubopha?
Intonga yokulawula - into yokuqhuba indlela yokulawula izithuthi ezinamavili (ngaphandle kweetrektara kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinesakhelo sokuqhawula);Inxalenye ekwifom yentonga enebhola edibeneyo (i-hinges), eqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ukusuka kwindlela yokulawula ukuya kwii-levers ze-knuckles zokuqhuba amavili kunye nezinye izinto zokuqhuba.
Ukuqhuba izithuthi ezinamavili kwahlulahlulwe zibe ziinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili: indlela yokuqhuba kunye nokuqhuba kwayo.Umatshini wokuqhuba ulawulwa livili lokuqhuba, ngoncedo lwalo amandla adalwa ukuphambukisa amavili aqhutywe.La mandla athunyelwa kumavili ngokuqhuba, okuyinkqubo yeentonga kunye neentambo ezixhunywe ngeehenjisi.Enye yezona ndawo ziphambili zokuqhuba zibophe iintonga ezahlukileyo kwindawo, ukuyila kunye nenjongo.
Iirodi zokuqhuba zinemisebenzi emininzi:
● Ukuhanjiswa kwamandla ukusuka kwindlela yokulawula ukuya kumacandelo anxulumeneyo okuqhuba kwaye ngokuthe ngqo kwiilever ze-knuckles zokuqhuba zamavili;
● Ukubamba i-angle ekhethiweyo yokujikeleza kwamavili xa uqhuba iintshukumo;
● Ukulungelelaniswa kwe-angle yokujikeleza kwamavili aqhutywayo ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo yesondo lokuqhuba kunye nolunye uhlengahlengiso lwesixhobo sokuqhuba ngokubanzi.
Iintambo zokubopha zixazulula umsebenzi obalulekileyo wokudlulisa amandla ukusuka kwindlela yokulawula ukuya kumavili aqhubekileyo, ngoko ke, xa kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kakuhle, ezi nxalenye kufuneka zitshintshwe ngokukhawuleza.Kodwa ukhetho olufanelekileyo lwe-thrust entsha, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda iintlobo ezikhoyo, uyilo kunye neempawu zala macandelo.
Iintlobo kunye nokusebenza kweentonga zokubopha
Iintsimbi zokubopha zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezininzi ngokwenjongo yazo, ukusetyenziswa kunye nezinye iimpawu zoyilo.
Ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa, kukho iindidi ezimbini zokutsalwa:
● Kwiinkqubo zokuqhuba ezisekelwe kwiintshulube kunye nezinye iindlela zokuqhuba kunye nokuqhuba ngendlela yetrapezoid yokulawula;
● Kwiinkqubo zokuqhuba ezisekelwe kwiirakhi zokuqhuba ezinevili elithe ngqo.
Kwiinkqubo zodidi lokuqala (kunye ne-trapezoids yokulawula), iintonga ezimbini okanye ezintathu zisetyenzisiweyo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokumiswa kwe-axle edibeneyo kunye neskimu sokuqhuba i-trapezoid:
● Kwi-axle ene-suspension exhomekeke kuyo: iintonga ezimbini - enye i-longitudinal, evela kwi-bipod yokuqhuba, kunye ne-transverse enye, idityaniswe kwii-levers ze-knuckles zokuqhuba zamavili;
● Kwi-axle ene-suspension ezimeleyo: iintonga ezintathu - enye i-longitudinal medium (embindini), idityaniswe kwi-bipod ye-steering mechanism, kunye ne-lateral longitudinal lateral, edibeneyo phakathi kunye ne-levers of steering knuckles of the wheels.
Kukho iinketho ze-trapezoids kwi-axle ngokumiswa okuzimeleyo kunye neentonga ezimbini zecala ezixhunyiwe kwi-bipod yokulawula kwindawo ephakathi.Nangona kunjalo, i-drive yeskimu esinjalo isetyenziswa rhoqo ekuqhubeni ngokusekelwe kwii-racks zokuqhuba, ezichazwe ngezantsi.
Iintlobo kunye nezicwangciso zokuqhuba i-trapezoid
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ekuqhubeni i-trapezoids ye-axle ene-suspension ezimeleyo, intonga enye yokubopha isetyenziswe ngokwenene, ihlukaniswe ngamacandelo amathathu - ibizwa ngokuba yintonga edibeneyo.Ukusetyenziswa kwentonga yokuqhawula iqhina kuthintela ukuphambuka okuzenzekelayo kwamavili aqhutywayo xa uqhuba amaqhuma endleleni ngenxa ye-amplitude eyahlukeneyo ye-oscillation yamavili asekunene nasekhohlo.I-trapezoid ngokwayo inokufumaneka ngaphambili nangasemva kwe-axle yamavili, kwimeko yokuqala ibizwa ngokuba ngumphambili, okwesibini - ngasemva (ngoko musa ukucinga ukuba "i-trapezoid yangasemva" yindawo yokuqhubela phambili. i-asi yangemva yemoto).
Kwiinkqubo zokulawula ezisekelwe kwi-rack steering rack, zimbini kuphela iintonga ezisetyenziswayo - ukunqumla ngasekunene nakwesobunxele ukuqhuba amavili asekunene nasekhohlo, ngokulandelanayo.Enyanisweni, le yi-trapezoid yokulawula kunye nentonga ye-longitudinal ehluthiweyo kunye ne-hinge kwindawo ephakathi - esi sisombululo senza lula ukuyila kwendlela yokulawula, ukwandisa ukuthembeka kwayo.Iintonga zalo matshini zihlala zinedizayini edibeneyo, iindawo zazo zangaphandle zidla ngokuba ziingcebiso zokuqhuba.
Iintonga zokubopha zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini ngokwethuba lokutshintsha ubude bawo:
● Ingalawulwayo - intonga enye enobude obunikeziweyo, isetyenziswe kwiidrives kunye nezinye iintonga ezihlengahlengiswayo okanye ezinye iindawo;
● Ukulungelelaniswa - iintonga ezidibeneyo, ezithi, ngenxa yamacandelo athile, zitshintshe ubude bazo ngaphakathi kwemida ethile yokulungelelanisa izixhobo zokuqhuba.
Ekugqibeleni, iintonga zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amaninzi ngokokusebenza kwazo - kwiimoto kunye neelori, kwiimoto kunye nangaphandle kokulawula amandla, njl.
Uyilo lwentonga yokubopha
Uyilo olulula luneentonga ezingalawulwayo - zisekelwe kwintonga engenanto okanye yonke isinyithi yeprofayili (inokuthi iqonde okanye igobe ngokuhambelana neempawu zoyilo lwemoto), kwelinye okanye zombini iziphelo apho iibhola zebhola zikhoyo.Iihenjisi azinakwahlulwa, zibandakanya umzimba kunye nepini yebhola ekhoyo ngaphakathi kunye nomtya we-nati yesithsaba kunye nomngxuma onqamlezayo we-cotter pin;Ihinge ingavalwa ngebhuthi yerabha ukukhusela kukungcola namanzi.Kwi-transverse thrust, i-axes yeminwe yebhola edibeneyo ifumaneka kwindiza enye okanye iguqulwe kwi-angle encinci.Kwi-longitudinal thrust, ii-axes ze-hinge pins zihlala zi-perpendicular enye kwenye.
Uyilo oluntsokothileyo luneentonga ezingalawulekiyo ezinqamlezileyo.Kuloo njongo, izinto ezongezelelweyo zinokubonelelwa:
I-Radiator kunye neplagi yetanki yokwandisa kunye neevalvu ezidibeneyo ezibekwe kwi-axis efanayo
● Kwiintonga zee-axles ezixhonywe ngokuxhomekeke - umngxuma okanye ihenjisi yokudibanisa kwi-bipod yokuqhuba;
● Kwiintonga zee-axles ezine-suspension ezimeleyo - imingxuma emibini elungiselelwe ngokulinganayo okanye i-hinges yokudibanisa kunye neentonga zecala;
● Kwiintonga zeemoto ezine-hydrostatic steering (GORU) - i-bracket okanye umngxuma wokudibanisa kwintonga ye-hydraulic cylinder GORU.
Nangona kunjalo, i-trapezoids enengalo ye-pendulum isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimoto ezininzi - kwiinkqubo ezinjalo, i-trapezoid ephakathi kwiingcebiso zayo inemingxuma yokufaka i-pendulum lever kunye ne-bipod yokuqhubela phambili.
Izibonda zokubopha ezihlengahlengiswayo zibandakanya iinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili: intonga ngokwayo kunye nencam yokulawula edityaniswe kuyo.Ingcebiso ngendlela enye okanye enye inokutshintsha indawo yayo ngokubhekiselele kwi-thrust, evumela ukuba ulungelelanise ubude becala lonke.Ngokwendlela yohlengahlengiso, i-thrust inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini:
● Uhlengahlengiso lwentambo ngokulungiswa kwe-locknut;
● Ukulungelelaniswa ngomsonto okanye indlela yetelescopic ngokulungiswa ngeqhina lokubopha.
Kwimeko yokuqala, i-tip inentambo ephoswe kwi-counter thread ekupheleni kwentonga, okanye ngokuchaseneyo, kwaye ukulungiswa kokujika kuqhutyelwa yi-locknut kwintambo efanayo.Kwimeko yesibini, i-tip ingaphinda ifakwe kwintonga, okanye ifakwe nje kuyo, kwaye ukulungiswa ukusuka ekujikeni kuqhutyelwa kwi-clamp yokuqinisa kwindawo yangaphandle yentonga.I-clamp yokuqinisa ingaba yincinci kwaye igxininiswe nge-bolt enye kuphela nge-nut, okanye ububanzi kunye nokuqiniswa kweebholiti ezimbini.
Uyilo oluhlengahlengiswayo lwentonga yokubopha ngeentambo zokubopha
Zonke iintonga zokubopha zixhomekeke komnye nomnye kunye nakwezinye iindawo zenkqubo yokulawula - oku kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwenkqubo ngexesha lokuguqulwa okwenzekayo ngelixa isithuthi sihamba.I-ax ye-hinges yizikhonkwane zebhola, zigxininiswe emingxunyeni yeendawo zokukhwelana kunye namantongomane esithsaba agxininiswe ngezikhonkwane ze-cotter.
Iinduku zenziwe ngetsimbi zamabakala ahlukeneyo, zinokuthi zibe nengubo yokukhusela ngendlela yepeyinti eqhelekileyo okanye i-electroplating kunye neentsimbi ezahlukeneyo - i-zinc, i-chromium kunye nabanye.
Indlela yokukhetha kunye nokutshintsha intonga yokubopha
Iintsimbi zokulawula ziphantsi kwemithwalo ebalulekileyo ngexesha lokusebenza kwemoto, ngoko ke zikhawuleza zingasebenzi.Ngokuqhelekileyo, iingxaki zivela kumalungu ebhola, kwaye iintonga zikwaxhomekeke kwi-deformation kunye nokuqhekeka, kulandelwa kukutshatyalaliswa kwenxalenye.Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kweentonga kunokubonakaliswa ngokubuyela umva kunye nokubetha kwevili lokuqhuba, okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, ivili lokuqhuba elixinene kakhulu, ukunkqonkqoza okuhlukahlukeneyo ngelixa uqhuba, kunye nokulahleka kozinzo lwemoto (ikhokelela ekubeni ecaleni).Xa le miqondiso ibonakala, ukulawulwa kufuneka kuhlolwe, kwaye ukuba iingxaki ngeentonga zifunyenwe, kufuneka zitshintshwe.
Ukutshintshwa, kufuneka ukhethe ezo ntonga zokuqhuba kunye neengcebiso ezifakwe kwimoto ngaphambili - le ndlela yodwa yokuqinisekisa ukuba i-steering iya kusebenza ngokuchanekileyo.Ukuba ingxaki yenzeke kuphela kwintonga enye yecala okanye i-tip, ke kungcono ukutshintshela la macandelo ngababini, ngaphandle koko kukho amathuba aphezulu kakhulu okuphuka kwentonga kwivili lesibini.
Ukutshintshwa kweentonga kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokulungiswa nokugcinwa kwemoto.Ngokuqhelekileyo, lo msebenzi wehla ekuphakamiseni imoto kwijekhi, ukudiliza iintonga ezindala (ekungcono ukusebenzisa i-puller ekhethekileyo) kunye nokufaka ezintsha.Emva kokulungiswa, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ulungelelanise ukulungelelaniswa kwevili.Iirodi ezintsha kwezinye izithuthi (ingakumbi iilori) kufuneka zithanjiswe ngamaxesha athile, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo ezi ndawo azifuni kugcinwa kuzo zonke iinkonzo zazo.
Ngokukhetha okufanelekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kweentambo zokubopha, ukuqhuba kuya kuthembeka kunye nokuzithemba kuzo zonke iindlela zokuqhuba.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-26-2023