I-hydraulic drive yeebhuleki kunye ne-clutch yeemoto iqulethe iyunithi eququzelela ukulawulwa kwezi nkqubo - i-vacuum amplifier.Funda konke malunga ne-vacuum brake kunye ne-clutch booster, iintlobo zazo kunye noyilo, kunye nokukhetha, ukulungiswa kunye nokutshintshwa kwezi yunithi kwinqaku elichazwe kwiwebhusayithi.
Yintoni iamplifier yokufunxa?
I-vacuum booster (VU) - icandelo le-brake system kunye ne-clutch ene-hydraulic drive yezithuthi ezinamavili;Isixhobo se-pneumomechanical esinika ukwanda kwamandla kwi-brake okanye i-clutch pedal ngenxa yokwahlukana koxinzelelo lomoya kwimibhobho e-insulated.
Inkqubo ye-hydraulically ye-braking system esetyenziswa kwiimoto ezininzi kunye neelori ezininzi zinengxaki enkulu - umqhubi kufuneka asebenzise amandla amakhulu kwi-pedal ukuze enze i-braking.Oku kukhokelela ekudinweni komqhubi okwandileyo kwaye kudala iimeko eziyingozi xa uqhuba.Kwale ngxaki inye ijongwa kwi-clutch esebenza ngoxinzelelo lwegazi oluxhotyiswa ngeelori ezininzi.Kuzo zombini iimeko, ingxaki isonjululwe ngokusebenzisa iyunithi enye ye-pneumomechanical - i-vacuum brake kunye ne-clutch booster.
I-VU isebenza njengekhonkco eliphakathi phakathi kwe-brake / i-clutch pedal kunye ne-brake master cylinder (GTZ) / clutch master cylinder (GVC), ibonelela ngokunyuka kwamandla ukusuka kwi-pedal amaxesha amaninzi, okwenza kube lula ukulawula isithuthi. .Le yunithi ibalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo kwemoto, kwaye nangona ukuphuka kwayo ngokubanzi kungaphazamisi ukusebenza kwe-brake / clutch drive, kufuneka ilungiswe kwaye ithathelwe indawo.Kodwa ngaphambi kokuthenga i-vacuum amplifier entsha okanye ukulungisa endala, kufuneka uqonde iintlobo ezikhoyo zezi ndlela, ukuyila kwazo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza.
Iintlobo, uyilo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kwe-vacuum amplifier
Okokuqala, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-vacuum amplifiers isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezimbini zeemoto:
● Kwi-brake system ene-hydraulic drive - i-vacuum brake booster (VUT);
● Kwi-clutch ene-hydraulic drive - i-vacuum clutch booster (VUS).
I-CWF isetyenziswa kwiimoto zabakhweli, izithuthi zorhwebo kunye neziphakathi.I-VUS ifakwe kwiilori, iitrektara kunye neenqwelo ezahlukeneyo ezinamavili.Nangona kunjalo, zombini iindidi ze-amplifiers zinesakhiwo esifanayo, kwaye ukusebenza kwazo kusekelwe kumgaqo ofanayo womzimba.
Ii-VU zohlulwe zangamaqela amabini amakhulu:
● Igumbi elinye;
● Amagumbi amabini.
Cinga ukuyila kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza kweVU ngokusekelwe kwisixhobo segumbi elinye.Ngokubanzi, i-VU inamacandelo amaninzi kunye namacandelo:
● I-Chamber (umzimba we-aka), ihlulwe nge-diaphragm elayishwe entwasahlobo ibe yi-2 cavities;
● Ivalve ye-servo (ivalve yokulawula) enesiqu esiqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-clutch/i-brake pedali.Inxalenye ephumayo yomzimba wevalve kunye nenxalenye yesikhondo ivalwe ngesigqubuthelo esikhuselayo, isihluzo somoya esilula sinokwakhiwa kumzimba wevalvu;
● Ukufakwa kunye okanye ngaphandle kwevalve yokukhangela ukudibanisa igumbi kwi-manifold yokungenisa iyunithi yamandla;
● Intonga eqhagamshelwe ngqo kwi-diaphragm kwelinye icala nakwi-GTZ okanye kwi-GCS kwelinye.
Kwii-VU ezimbini zegumbi kukho iikhamera ezimbini ezifakwe kwi-series ezine-diaphragms, ezisebenza kwintonga enye ye-GTZ drive okanye i-GCS.Kulo naluphi na uhlobo lomatshini, amagumbi e-cylindrical metal asetyenzisiweyo, i-diaphragms nayo isinyithi, ine-suspension elastic (eyenziwe ngerubha), enika ukunyakaza okulula kwenxalenye kunye ne-axis yayo.
Igumbi le-VU lihlulwe yi-diaphragm ibe yimingxuma emibini: kwicala le-pedal kukho i-atmospheric cavity, kwicala le-cylinder kukho i-vacuum cavity.I-vacuum cavity isoloko iqhagamshelwe kumthombo we-vacuum - ngokuqhelekileyo i-injini yokuthatha izinto ezininzi yenza indima yayo (ukuhla koxinzelelo kuyo kwenzeka xa iipiston zihamba phantsi), nangona kunjalo, impompo eyahlukileyo ingasetyenziswa kwizithuthi ezineenjini zedizili.Umgodi we-atmospheric unonxibelelwano kwi-atmosphere (nge-valve yokulawula) kunye ne-vacuum cavity (nge-valve yokulawula efanayo okanye i-valve eyahlukileyo).
Umzobo we-vacuum brake
Uyilo lwe-Booster ye-signle-chamber vacuum booster
Uyilo lwe-booster ye-vacuum yamagumbi amabini
Ivacuum amplifier isebenza ngokulula.Xa i-pedal icinezelekile, i-valve yokulawula (i-valve ye-servo) ivaliwe, kodwa zombini imingxuma inxibelelana ngemingxuma, ishaneli okanye i-valve eyahlukileyo - igcina uxinzelelo oluncitshisiweyo, i-diaphragm ilungelelaniso kwaye ayihambi kuyo naliphi na icala.Ngomzuzu wokuhambisa i-pedal phambili, i-valve yokulandelela iqhutywe, ivala umjelo phakathi kwemigodi kwaye kwangaxeshanye inxibelelana ne-atmospheric cavity kunye ne-atmospheric, ngoko uxinzelelo kuyo luyanda ngokukhawuleza.Ngenxa yoko, umahluko woxinzelelo lwenzeka kwi-diaphragm, ihambela ngasemgodini kunye noxinzelelo oluphantsi phantsi kwefuthe loxinzelelo oluphezulu lwe-atmospheric, kunye nezenzo zentonga kwi-GTZ okanye kwi-GCS.Ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric, amandla kwi-pedal ayanda, okwenza kube lula ukuhamba nge-pedal xa uqhobosha okanye ukhulula i-clutch.
Ukuba i-pedal iyeka kuyo nayiphi na indawo ephakathi, ivalve yokulandelela iyavala (ekubeni uxinzelelo kumacala omabini episton okanye iwasha ekhethekileyo yejethi iyalingana, kwaye ezi ndawo zihlala esihlalweni ngenxa yesenzo sentwasahlobo) kunye noxinzelelo kwi igumbi le-atmospheric liyayeka ukutshintsha.Ngenxa yoko, ukuhamba kwe-diaphragm kunye nokuyeka intonga, i-GTZ okanye i-GCS ehambelana nayo ihlala kwindawo ekhethiweyo.Ngolunye utshintsho kwindawo ye-pedal, i-valve yokulawula ivula kwakhona, iinkqubo ezichazwe ngasentla ziyaqhubeka.Ngaloo ndlela, i-valve yokulawula ibonelela ngesenzo sokulandela umkhondo wenkqubo, ngaloo ndlela ifezekisa ukulingana phakathi kwe-pedal press kunye ne-force eyenziwa yinkqubo yonke.
Xa i-pedal ikhutshwe, i-valve yokulandelela ivala, ihlukanise i-atmospheric cavity ukusuka emoyeni, ngelixa ivula imingxuma phakathi kwemigodi.Ngenxa yoko, uxinzelelo luyehla kuyo yomibini imingxuma, kwaye i-diaphragm kunye ne-GTZ okanye i-GCS ehambelana nayo ibuyela kwindawo yayo yokuqala ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa kwentwasahlobo.Kule ndawo, i-VU ilungele ukusebenza kwakhona.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yokucoca i-VU kukuthatha okuninzi kweyunithi yamandla, ukusuka kule nto kucacile ukuba xa injini imisiwe, le yunithi ayiyi kusebenza (nangona i-vacuum ihleli kwigumbi le-VU, nokuba emva kokuyeka injini, iya kuba nakho ukubonelela ukusuka kwesinye ukuya kwezintathu zokunyathela).Kwakhona, i-VU ayiyi kusebenza ukuba amagumbi axinzezelekile okanye i-hose yokubonelela nge-vacuum esuka kwi-motor yonakaliswe.Kodwa inkqubo ye-braking okanye i-clutch drive kule meko iya kuhlala isebenza, nangona oku kuya kufuna umgudu ongakumbi.Inyani yeyokuba i-pedal iqhagamshelwe ngokuthe ngqo kwi-GTZ okanye kwi-GCS ngeentonga ezimbini ezihamba ecaleni kwe-axis ye-VU yonke.Ke kwimeko yokuqhekeka okuhlukeneyo, iintonga ze-VU ziya kusebenza njengentonga yesiqhelo yokuqhuba.
Indlela yokukhetha, ukulungisa nokugcina i-vacuum amplifier
Uqheliselo lubonisa ukuba i-CWT kunye ne-VUS zinezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo kwaye azifane zibe ngumthombo weengxaki.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukukhubazeka okuhlukeneyo kunokwenzeka kule yunithi, ngokukodwa ukulahlekelwa kokuqina kwegumbi, umonakalo kwi-diaphragm, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwevalve kunye nomonakalo womatshini kwiindawo.Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-amplifier kuboniswa ngokunyuka kokuchasana kwi-pedal kunye nokuncipha kwi-stroke yayo.Xa iimpawu ezinjalo zivela, kuyimfuneko ukuxilonga iyunithi, kwimeko yokungasebenzi kakuhle, ukulungisa okanye ukutshintsha indibano ye-amplifier.
Kuphela zezo ntlobo kunye neemodeli ze-VUT kunye ne-VUS ekucetyiswa ukuba zifakwe ngumenzi wesithuthi kufuneka zithathwe ukuze zitshintshwe.Ngokomgaqo, kuvumelekile ukusebenzisa ezinye iindawo, kodwa kufuneka zibe neempawu ezifanelekileyo kunye nemilinganiselo yokufakela.Akwamkelekanga ukusebenzisa iyunithi eyenza amandla anganeleyo - oku kuya kubangela ukuwohloka kokulawulwa kwesithuthi kunye nokwanda kokukhathala komqhubi.Ngokomzekelo, akukho meko kufuneka ubeke i-VU yegumbi elinye endaweni yegumbi elinamagumbi amabini.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akukho ngqiqo ukufaka i-amplifier enamandla ngakumbi, ekubeni xa uyisebenzisa, "i-pedal feeling" inokulahleka, kwaye oku kutshintshwa kuya kufuna iindleko ezingafanelekanga.
Kwakhona, xa ukhetha i-amplifier, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ukucwangciswa kwayo - ezi nxalenye zinokunikezelwa kunye ne-GTZ okanye i-GCS, okanye ngokwahlukileyo kubo.Ukongeza, kunokufuneka uthenge izinto zokufakelwa, i-slags, i-clamps kunye ne-fasteners - konke oku kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo kwangaphambili.
Ukutshintshwa kwe-vacuum amplifier kufuneka kwenziwe ngokuhambelana nemiyalelo yokulungisa isithuthi.Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwanele ukukhupha i-stem kwi-pedal, ukususa i-GTZ / GCS (ukuba zikwimeko entle) kunye nazo zonke iibhobho, uze ukhulule i-amplifier, ukufakwa kweyunithi entsha kwenziwa ngokulandelelana.Ukuba i-VU iyatshintsha kwindibano kunye ne-cylinder, ngoko ke okokuqala kuyimfuneko ukukhupha i-liquid kwi-system kunye nokuqhawula imibhobho eya kwiisekethe ezivela kwi-cylinder.Xa ufaka i-amplifier entsha, kuyimfuneko ukulungisa i-pedal stroke, oku kunokufuneka kwakhona ngexesha lokuqhutyelwa phambili kwesithuthi.
Ukuba i-vacuum booster ikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ithathelwe indawo, i-braking system okanye i-clutch actuator iya kuqalisa ngokukhawuleza ukusebenza, iqinisekisa ulawulo olusebenzayo lwesithuthi kuzo zonke iimeko.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-13-2023